Aging and Growing Older

Study Notes

Aging encompasses life changes experienced as individuals grow older.
Biological Age reflects the condition of a person’s organs and body systems.
Psychological Age is associated with a person's adaptability, intelligence, and self-care skills.
Social Age observes the shared habits, tastes, and life stages of individuals.
Legal Age is determined by chronological years influencing privileges like voting and drinking.
Functional Age compares individuals with similar ages based on capabilities.

Wear-and-Tear Theory: Body deteriorates over time; abuse accelerates this process.
Cellular Theory: Limited number of cells at birth that reproduce a set number of times before death.
Autoimmune Theory: Aging causes a decline in immune system effectiveness, affecting disease resistance.
Genetic Mutation Theory: Increased cellular mutations with age may lead to dysfunctional cells.

Skin: Thins, loses elasticity, and age spots may appear.
Bones and Joints: Diminished density results in weakness due to mineral loss.
Head: Features like the nose and earlobes can enlarge.
Urinary Tract: Slower kidney function and urinary incontinence are common.
Heart and Lungs: Reduced efficiency in blood circulation and breathing capacity.
Eyesight: Hardening lenses lead to glasses need; increased likelihood of cataracts and glaucoma.
Hearing: Decreased ability to hear certain sounds.
Sexual Functioning: Declines with age.
Body Comfort: Thinning skin and decreased body fat make temperature regulation harder.

Intelligence: Slower acquisition of new skills, but more practical life knowledge.
Memory: Short-term memory can fluctuate.
Depression: Often tied to medical conditions, loss, or social isolation.
Senility: Associated with memory loss, impaired judgment, and disorientation.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes memory loss and personality changes due to brain nerve changes.

Dying: Decline in body functions leading to death.
Death: Permanent cessation of all vital functions, including brain death defined as total brain stem failure.

Living Will: Document expressing wishes regarding life support in case of incapacity.
Euthanasia: Deliberate action to hasten the death of a terminally ill person.
Dyathanasia: Withholding life-prolonging treatments to allow natural death.
Hospice Care: Provides pain relief and emotional support for terminally ill patients and their families.
Organ Donation: Offers personal fulfillment by potentially extending the lives of others posthumously.