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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of research that differentiates it from an ordinary investigation?
What is the primary characteristic of research that differentiates it from an ordinary investigation?
Which of the following is NOT a step involved in the research process?
Which of the following is NOT a step involved in the research process?
What is the main purpose of a research study?
What is the main purpose of a research study?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of research ethics?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of research ethics?
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Why is objectivity crucial in research?
Why is objectivity crucial in research?
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What is the role of informed consent in research ethics?
What is the role of informed consent in research ethics?
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How can researchers ensure that the data they collect is reliable?
How can researchers ensure that the data they collect is reliable?
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Which of the following is an example of unethical research practices?
Which of the following is an example of unethical research practices?
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Which ethical principle is violated when a researcher intentionally alters data to support a desired outcome?
Which ethical principle is violated when a researcher intentionally alters data to support a desired outcome?
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Which principle emphasizes the researcher's obligation to publish their findings and make them available to the wider research community?
Which principle emphasizes the researcher's obligation to publish their findings and make them available to the wider research community?
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Which principle underlines the importance of safeguarding the privacy and personal information of research participants ?
Which principle underlines the importance of safeguarding the privacy and personal information of research participants ?
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Which principle encourages researchers to consider the potential benefits to society when designing and conducting their research?
Which principle encourages researchers to consider the potential benefits to society when designing and conducting their research?
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Which principle stresses the importance of avoiding biases and ensuring that research findings are not influenced by personal opinions or beliefs?
Which principle stresses the importance of avoiding biases and ensuring that research findings are not influenced by personal opinions or beliefs?
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Which ethical principle encourages researchers to conduct their research in a way that avoids discrimination based on factors such as gender, religion, or culture?
Which ethical principle encourages researchers to conduct their research in a way that avoids discrimination based on factors such as gender, religion, or culture?
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Which principle involves critically evaluating one's own research to ensure its validity, reliability, and ethical implications?
Which principle involves critically evaluating one's own research to ensure its validity, reliability, and ethical implications?
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Which ethical principle emphasizes the researcher's responsibility to acknowledge and respect existing intellectual property rights, such as patents and copyrights?
Which ethical principle emphasizes the researcher's responsibility to acknowledge and respect existing intellectual property rights, such as patents and copyrights?
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Which of the following research topics is most likely to be considered 'controlled' based on the provided text?
Which of the following research topics is most likely to be considered 'controlled' based on the provided text?
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Why is a systematic process important for research?
Why is a systematic process important for research?
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Which characteristic of research ensures that the findings are not just the researcher's interpretation but can be verified by others?
Which characteristic of research ensures that the findings are not just the researcher's interpretation but can be verified by others?
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Which of the following research topics is most likely to be considered 'empirical' based on the given text?
Which of the following research topics is most likely to be considered 'empirical' based on the given text?
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What is the main purpose of the research process?
What is the main purpose of the research process?
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How can a research study be considered 'rigorous'?
How can a research study be considered 'rigorous'?
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Which of the following is NOT a phase of the research process as described in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a phase of the research process as described in the text?
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How does the text define the concept of 'validity' in research?
How does the text define the concept of 'validity' in research?
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What is the primary purpose of data analysis in research?
What is the primary purpose of data analysis in research?
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What follows the data analysis phase in the research process?
What follows the data analysis phase in the research process?
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In what forms can researchers share their findings with the community?
In what forms can researchers share their findings with the community?
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Why is research ethics considered important in the research process?
Why is research ethics considered important in the research process?
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What is the first step in the research proposal phase?
What is the first step in the research proposal phase?
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What is the role of the conclusion in the research process?
What is the role of the conclusion in the research process?
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In choosing a research topic, which aspect is NOT considered?
In choosing a research topic, which aspect is NOT considered?
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How does the research process characterize itself upon completion of a study?
How does the research process characterize itself upon completion of a study?
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Which component is part of the research methodology?
Which component is part of the research methodology?
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What is a crucial aspect of the written content phase in research?
What is a crucial aspect of the written content phase in research?
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What does the research activities phase primarily focus on?
What does the research activities phase primarily focus on?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the planning in the research proposal?
Which of the following is NOT part of the planning in the research proposal?
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Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the presentation of research findings?
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the presentation of research findings?
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Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of basing research data on real-life observations?
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of basing research data on real-life observations?
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What is the purpose of formulating plans and methodology in research?
What is the purpose of formulating plans and methodology in research?
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Which part of the research process involves drafting detailed procedures for data collection and analysis?
Which part of the research process involves drafting detailed procedures for data collection and analysis?
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Which step follows immediately after finalizing the research methodology?
Which step follows immediately after finalizing the research methodology?
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What is meant by 'responsible publication' in the context of ethical research principles?
What is meant by 'responsible publication' in the context of ethical research principles?
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What must researchers observe to identify a relevant research topic?
What must researchers observe to identify a relevant research topic?
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Which ethical principle requires researchers to respect the rights and ownership of the original work of others?
Which ethical principle requires researchers to respect the rights and ownership of the original work of others?
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What is a characteristic of research when a researcher exhibits no preference toward age or gender?
What is a characteristic of research when a researcher exhibits no preference toward age or gender?
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Which of the following best describes the third phase of the research process?
Which of the following best describes the third phase of the research process?
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Which ethical guideline advocates that researchers must ensure the integrity of all stages of their research?
Which ethical guideline advocates that researchers must ensure the integrity of all stages of their research?
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Which of the following actions demonstrates a commitment to ethical research practices?
Which of the following actions demonstrates a commitment to ethical research practices?
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Study Notes
Unit 1: Nature of Research, Lesson 2: Research Process and Ethics
- The research process is highly systematic and organized.
- Research has specific characteristics, which differ from typical investigations.
- Researchers must carefully follow standard steps to complete research effectively.
- The characteristics of research, the steps of the research process, and ethical principles will be discussed.
Objectives
- Students should be able to identify the characteristics of research.
- Students should be able to list the steps involved in the research process.
- Students should be able to explain the importance of research ethics.
DepEd Competency
- Describe the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research. (CS_RS11-Illa-3)
Explore (Activity)
- Students should work with a partner to develop an outline for answering specific research questions, based on given sample problems.
- Examples of research problems include:
- Reasons for lower student performance in rural areas compared to urban areas.
- Vegetable preferences of nursery students in Metro Manila.
- Effects of banana peels on tomato seed growth.
- Students should use guide questions to discuss their answers with their partner.
Explain and Elaborate: Characteristics of Research
- Research must be controlled and manipulated to yield valid results, extraneous variables must not influence outcome.
- Research must be rigorous and follow specific procedures to ensure the validity of the results and comply with research ethics.
- Research must be systematic, with a structured plan containing step-by-step procedures.
Research Process (Steps)
- Identify the general study area.
- Choose a research topic
- Formulate plans and methodology
- Collect data
- Analyze and interpret data
- Write a conclusion
- Share the publication
Valid and Empirical Research
- Research must use valid data and results that can be verified by others.
- Research should rely on hard evidence collected through observation or real-life experiences.
Research Proposal
- The first phase of the research process.
- Researchers identify the research problem.
- Steps include identifying the general study area, choosing a research topic and formulating plans and methodology.
Methodology Plans
- Detailing the methods, procedures, and techniques used to gather and analyze data.
- Includes considerations of schedule, budget, and feasibility of the research.
Research Activities
- Includes all procedures needed for data collection and analysis.
- Data collection is essential for determining the conclusions.
- Several methods of data collection (surveys, interviews etc.) may be used.
Data Analysis
- Extracts necessary information from data to address research questions.
- Can involve statistical methods or theme derivation from gathered data.
Written Content
- Consolidating information from data analysis.
- Includes a conclusion that directly answers the research questions posed at the start of the project.
Sharing the Publication
- Presenting research findings in the form of posters or oral presentations.
- Publishing research in journals or other media platforms.
Research Process is a Cycle
- The research process continues even after initial publications, as results can be improved or modified with future research.
Principles of Research Ethics
- Honesty: Researchers must present information honestly, without falsifying or distorting data.
- Objectivity: Removing bias in all research stages; data should not be altered.
- Prudence: Careful evaluation of work; sharing of findings.
- Responsible Publication: Sharing research findings and contributions with others.
- Confidentiality: Protecting the identities of individuals involved in research, especially participants.
- Respect for Intellectual Property: Respecting patents, copyrights, etc. and avoiding plagiarism.
- Social Responsibility: Conducting research that benefits society.
- Anti-discrimination: Avoiding bias or discrimination towards any individual or group based on various factors (gender, race, etc).
Activity 1 (Extend):
- Applying ethical principles in research scenarios as a student researcher.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of the research process, including its systematic nature and ethical considerations. Students will explore the characteristics of research, the various steps involved, and the significance of adhering to research ethics. By completing this quiz, students will solidify their understanding of how to conduct research effectively and responsibly.
