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Research Ethics and IRB Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary principle of respect for subjects in the Belmont Report?

Avoid exploitation of vulnerable populations

Treat subjects as autonomous beings who can make informed decisions (correct)

Ensure equal distribution of benefits and burdens

Maximize benefits and minimize harms

What is the hierarchy of evidence in the Belmont Report?

Meta-analysis, critical appraisal, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials

Expert opinions, clinical textbooks, review articles, case reports

Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies

Systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies (correct)

What is the primary purpose of research ethics in studies involving human subjects?

To ensure the success of the research study

To protect the human subjects from harm and ensure their welfare (correct)

To expedite the research process by minimizing regulatory hurdles

To provide definitions of benefits and risks without evaluating them

What was the outcome of the Nuremberg trials in relation to research ethics?

The identification of 10 basic principles, including voluntary consent of the participant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of cross-sectional studies?

They provide a snapshot in time and may not be representative of the population Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Syphilis Study conducted from 1932 to 1971?

To investigate what syphilis does to the body over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching in case-control studies?

To ensure cases and controls are similar in terms of common comorbidities, age, or location Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the influence of age in a study that can falsely demonstrate an apparent association between variables?

Confounder Signup and view all the answers

Who was involved in the development of inoculation for yellow fever?

Walter Reed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) process?

To provide an approval for the research study before it is conducted Signup and view all the answers