Unit 1: Introduction to OOP

Object = An entity that can send and receive messages Method = A function defined within a class Signature = The structure defining a method's parameters and return type Interface = The set of methods that a class exposes for communication

Return Type = Indicates the value type returned after method execution Identifiers = Names of the variables used in the method Variables = Parameters passed to the method during invocation Order = Sequence of the parameters in the method signature

Sending Messages = Instructing an object to perform an action Receiving Messages = Processing information from another object Communication = Exchange of messages between objects State Change = Modifying variables within an object

<p>int = Roll number or total marks String = Subject name void = Indicates no return value for a method boolean = Indicates true or false results from a method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Request = Obtaining data or action from an object Response = Returning results back to the calling object Update = Altering the state of the object Notify = Informing other objects of an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Execution = The process when a method's instructions run Parameters = Arguments passed to the method Return Value = Output produced after method execution Invocation = Calling the method to perform its function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>public = Access modifier allowing method accessibility from outside the class static = Method that belongs to the class rather than instance virtual = A method that can be overridden in derived classes override = Indicates a method is redefining a base class method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class = Blueprint for creating objects Object = An instance of a class Method = evaluate(int rollNo, String subjectName, int totalMarks, int passMarks) Constructor = A special method called when an object is created</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Machine language = Uses symbols '0' and '1' Assembly language = Uses mnemonics to write programs High-level language (3GL) = Instructions resemble natural languages Fourth generation language (4GL) = Closest to human languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imperative languages = Issue commands through imperative sentences Declarative languages = Assert desired results using declarative instructions Compiled languages = Require a translator to convert code Interpreted languages = Executed line-by-line without prior compilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assembler = Translates assembly language to machine code Compiler = Converts high-level code to machine code Interpreter = Executes code directly without compilation Linker = Combines multiple object files into a single executable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First generation = CPU-dependent with specific machine language Second generation = CPU-dependent with assembly language Third generation = CPU-independent with high-level language Fourth generation = Closest to human language and CPU-independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Python = General-purpose programming HTML = Structuring web content Java = Cross-platform application development SQL = Database management and queries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C++ = Requires a compiler Python = Can be executed by an interpreter Assembly = Needs an assembler JavaScript = Executed in a web browser</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declarative programming = Focuses on what result is desired Imperative programming = Focuses on how to achieve a result Machine languages = Lowest level languages directly understood by hardware High-level languages = More abstract and easier for humans to read</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-level language = Python Low-level language = Assembly Scripting language = JavaScript Database query language = SQL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ball Pen = Holds conveniently Tooth Brush = Brushes teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributes = Defining properties of an object Methods = Functions associated with an object Class = Collection of similar objects Object = Instance of a class</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object-oriented programming = Programming paradigm based on real-world objects Attributes = Values associated with an object Methods = Operations an object can perform Classes = Blueprints for creating objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unique attributes = No two objects can share all attribute values Interaction = Objects working together to fulfill program objectives Convenience of handling = Function common to both ball pens and tooth brushes Group of objects = All objects of the same type having similar attributes and methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ball Pen = Can be held in hand Tooth Brush = Can be held in hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Writes = Ball Pen Brushes teeth = Tooth Brush Holds conveniently = Both Ball Pen and Tooth Brush Supports attributes = Classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object = Concrete instance in a program Class = Defines structure and behavior Method = Performs actions or operations Attribute = Stores state of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ball Pen = Writing instrument Tooth Brush = Personal care tool Class = Template for creating objects Object = Specific instance of a class</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstraction = Hiding unnecessary details from the user Encapsulation = Bundling data and methods that operate on the data Inheritance = Creating a new class from an existing class Polymorphism = Using a single interface to represent different underlying forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reusability = Using existing code in new applications Maintainability = Ease of updating or modifying the software Extensibility = Ability to add new functionality without altering existing code Data hiding = Restricting access to the internal state of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Method overloading = Same name, different signatures Information hiding = Protecting sensitive data from outside access Message passing = Communication between objects via function calls Object = An instance of a class encapsulating state and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstraction = Focusing on relevant aspects of a problem Encapsulation = Containing both structure and behavior in an object Inheritance = Facilitating code reusability through class hierarchy Polymorphism = Allowing methods to process objects differently based on their data types</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encapsulation = Enhanced data protection Reusability = Reduction in code redundancy Polymorphism = Improved system flexibility Abstraction = Easier use of complex systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encapsulation = Controlled access to data Inheritance = Creation of specialized classes Polymorphism = Dynamic method resolution Abstraction = Simplification of software interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class = Blueprint for creating objects Object = Instance of a class Method = Function defined within a class Attribute = Data stored within an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstraction = Easier problem-solving focus Encapsulation = Better control over data access Inheritance = Reduced code duplication Polymorphism = Enhanced application compatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Static Polymorphism = Decided during the time of compilation Dynamic Polymorphism = Decided during the time of program execution Method Overloading = Same method name with different parameters Method Overriding = Same method signature with different implementations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymorphism = Ability to process objects differently based on their data type Inheritance = Mechanism to create a new class from an existing class Client = The calling object that uses methods of another object Method Signature = Combination of method name, return type, and parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Method Overloading = Static Polymorphism Method Overriding = Dynamic Polymorphism Compile-time Decision = Static Polymorphism Run-time Decision = Dynamic Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calling Object = The object that sends a method request Called Object = The object that receives and processes the request Method Definition = Specific name and arguments of a method Interface = Contract that defines a set of methods for derived classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overloading a method with varying parameters = Static Polymorphism Two methods having the same name and parameters = Dynamic Polymorphism The compilation process determines the method = Static Polymorphism A method with the same name behaves differently = Dynamic Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compile-Time = Static Polymorphism Run-Time = Dynamic Polymorphism Different Behaviors of Same Method = Polymorphism Extending Functionality = Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arguments = Values passed to methods Return Type = Type of value a method returns Overriding = Redefining a method in a derived class Parameters = Delineation of inputs a method can accept</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexibility = Ability to alter behaviors using polymorphism Extensibility = Adding new features with minimal changes Method Replacement = Different implementations in derived classes Runtime Modifications = Strategies for dynamic behavior adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buyer = Interested in color, mileage, and manufacturer Designer = Concerned with detailed components like ignition system Mechanic = Focused on testing and reconnecting parts Junk yard owner = Interested in reusable materials and parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstraction = Hiding irrelevant details and focusing on essentials Attributes = Characteristics or properties of a class Methods = Functions or behaviors associated with a class Object = Instance of a class containing defined attributes and methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Car - Buyer = Focus on color and mileage Car - Mechanic = Checks battery and spare parts Car - Designer = Designs fuel tanks and electrical systems Car - Junk yard owner = Assesses metallic and plastic parts value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Name = Essential for identification Color of hair = Irrelevant for academic state Roll number = Key for enrollment tracking IQ level = Not typically needed for basic functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marks obtained = Relevant for performance Address for correspondence = Relevant for communication No. of teeth = Irrelevant for academic categorization Course = Relevant for curriculum tracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data Abstraction = Defines the properties of objects Class = Template for creating objects Encapsulation = Bundling data with methods that operate on that data Inheritance = Mechanism for deriving a new class from an existing class</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class = Blueprint for a 'student' Object = A specific 'student' instance Method = Function to calculate grades Attribute = Student's roll number</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributes = Define the state of an object Methods = Perform actions specific to the object Encapsulation = Protects object states from outside interference Abstraction = Simplifies complex reality by modeling classes based on essential characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers