Unit 1: Introduction to OOP

Objects interact by sending and receiving messages through methods to change their own or other objects' states.

Objects exchange information by sending messages to each other's methods.

A method's signature defines its return type, input parameters (types and order), and identifiers.

The data type of the value returned by a method.

Variables passed to a method as instructions before execution.

The way objects interact with each other, using only the methods defined by the class.

The name of the method.

The methods available to an object of any given class.

Objects of different types can respond differently to the same message, as long as they have a method with the same name and arguments. The calling object doesn't need to know the specific object type.

Using the same method name with different parameters in a class.

Method selection is decided at compile time.

Method selection is decided at run time; the same method can have different implementations in different classes.

Having two or more methods with the same name, return type, and argument types and orders in different classes..

There are two types: Static (compile-time) and Dynamic (run-time).

Concepts like inheritance and polymorphism make object-oriented programming (OOP) easier to extend and modify.

Focusing on essential information, while hiding irrelevant details. It's like seeing a car differently based on your role: buyer, designer, mechanic, etc.

The degree of detail shown in a representation, often influenced by the viewer's perspective or purpose.

Using only relevant attributes and methods for a class or object, hiding unnecessary details.

A 'student' class may have many attributes (name, marks, etc.) but uses only the necessary ones based on program requirements.

A program that converts code written in a high-level language to a machine-readable language that the CPU can understand.

The lowest level of programming language, which uses binary code (0s and 1s) directly understood by the CPU.

A low-level programming language that uses mnemonics (short codes) to represent instructions instead of binary code.

A programming language designed to be easier for humans to understand and write, using English-like keywords and grammar.

A translator that converts an entire high-level language program into machine code at once.

A translator that executes high-level language code line-by-line, converting each line into machine code as it's executed.

A paradigm where programs are written using a series of instructions that tell the computer what to do step-by-step.

A paradigm where programs focus on describing the desired result or what needs to be accomplished rather than how to do it.

Hiding unnecessary details and focusing on essential elements of a problem or solution.

Bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (object).

Restricting access to an object's internal data and methods, exposing only necessary information.

Creating new classes (subclasses) that inherit properties and methods from existing classes (superclasses).

Object-Oriented Programming offers benefits like code reusability, maintainability, and flexibility due to features like encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Characteristics that distinguish an object from others, like size, color, or material. They can be unique to each instance or common to a group of similar objects.

Actions or behaviors that an object can perform, like writing for a ball pen or brushing for a toothbrush. These functions are shared by similar object types.

No two objects in the real world are exactly alike, even if they are the same type, because their properties can vary slightly.

A programming paradigm where programs are built around objects that interact with each other to achieve goals. Objects have properties and functions that define their behavior.

Properties that describe an object's characteristics in a program, like a ball pen's color or ink type. Each object can have different values for its attributes.

Functions associated with an object, defining its actions in a program. A ball pen object might have 'write' or 'cap' methods.

A blueprint for creating similar objects with the same set of attributes and methods. Like a cookie cutter that produces identical cookies.

A class is a blueprint or template that defines the structure (attributes) and behavior (methods) shared by a group of objects. It acts like a cookie cutter, producing objects with similar characteristics and capabilities.