Unit 1: 1870-1914 Immigration Issues

Unit 1: 1870-1914 - Immigration

• European settlers, primarily from Britain, Ireland, and Eastern Europe, were encouraged to populate the West.
• Chinese immigrants faced a head tax. Black and South Asian immigrants faced discrimination and exclusionary policies.
• Africville, a Black community in Nova Scotia, was forcibly removed in the 1960s due to urban redevelopment.
• Poverty and lack of opportunity in Europe drove many to immigrate; promises of free land in Canada attracted them.
• Residential schools were established in the 1870s to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture.
• Forced removal, physical and emotional abuse, and loss of Indigenous languages/traditions were key aspects of the residential school system.
• Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada's first Prime Minister, encouraged immigration and railway construction but also supported residential schools and policies against Indigenous and Chinese immigrants.
• Racism toward non-European groups was prevalent.
• Immigrants were often assigned the most dangerous/low-paying jobs, like railway construction.
• The growth of railways (e.g., Canadian Pacific Railway) connected Canada coast-to-coast.
• Industrialization led to more factories, urbanization, and innovations including electric lighting.

Unit 2: 1914-1918 - World War I

• MANIA Causes of WWI:
  • Militarism: Building up armed forces (e.g., Germany's navy)
  • Alliances: Alliances formed between nations (e.g., Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance).
  • Nationalism: Desire for independence by ethnic groups (e.g., Serbia).
  • Imperialism: Competition for colonies.
  • Assassination: Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination sparked WWI.

Unit 3: 1918-1939 - Interwar Years

• Suffragette Movement: Women like Nellie McClung fought for voting rights.
• Winnipeg General Strike (1919): Workers protested for better wages, hours and conditions.
• Stock Market Crash (1929): Triggered the Great Depression with speculation and buying stocks on margin.
• Great Depression: Unemployment (30%) and relief camps were established.
• Riding the Rails: Unemployed workers traveled by train for work opportunities.
• Dust Bowl: Severe drought and dust storms damaged agricultural land in the Prairies.
• Jazz Age (1920s): A period of cultural change with jazz music, flappers, and a more carefree lifestyle.

Unit 4: 1939-2022 - World War II and Beyond

• Hitler's Rise to Power: Hitler's rise is connected to blaming the Treaty of Versailles. He used propaganda and promises of economic recovery.
• Blitzkrieg: German military tactic of fast-moving forces.
• Major Canadian Battles in WWII: Dunkirk (1940), Dieppe Raid (1942), D-Day (1944).
• Japanese Internment: After Pearl Harbor, Japanese Canadians were forcibly relocated to camps.
• The Holocaust: Nazi genocide of Jews, Romani, and others.
• Cold War: Ideological conflict between the US (capitalism) and the Soviet Union (communism).
• Key events (Cold War): NATO formation, nuclear arms race, Cuban Missile Crisis.
• Quiet Revolution (1960s): Social and political change in Quebec.

This quiz explores the complex facets of immigration in Canada from 1870 to 1914. Learn about European settlers, the challenges faced by Chinese and Black immigrants, and the impact of residential schools on Indigenous communities. The historical context of policies and Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's role are also examined.