38 Questions
What is the most common cause of maternal dystocia in bitches?
Primary uterine inertia
Which species has a low percentage of dystocia cases?
Pigs
What is the common factor that can contribute to obstructive dystocia in cows?
Feto-maternal disproportion
Which breed has a high incidence of dystocia due to feto-maternal disproportion?
Holstein/Friesians
What is the most common cause of fetal dystocia in bitches?
Malpresentation
Which of the following is NOT an inadequate expulsive force that can cause dystocia?
Primary inertia
What is the main reason for dystocia in heifers?
Fetomaternal disproportion
What is the most common cause of fetal dystocia in cows?
Fetal oversize
During the first stage of parturition, what causes the cervix to dilate?
An increase in relaxin
What is the main effect of an increase in relaxin during the first stage of parturition?
Myometrial excitability and Cervical dilation
What is the purpose of the second stage of parturition?
To push the fetus into the birth canal
What is Fergusons reflex?
An increase in uterine contractions
When does the third stage of parturition occur?
After the fetus has been delivered
How long does the second stage of parturition typically last in a mare?
30 minutes
Which species has the longest duration for the second stage of parturition?
Bitch
Is the duration of parturition longer in primigravida or multigravida?
Primigravida
When is intervention or investigation required during parturition?
When there is a problem with the birth process
What is the main effect of an increase in prostaglandins during the first stage of parturition?
Uterine contractions
What are the three stages of parturition?
preparation, first stage, second stage, third stage
What hormone is responsible for the dilation of the cervix during the first stage of parturition?
relaxin
What are the two factors that result in myometrial excitability and uterine contractions during the first stage of parturition?
decrease in progesterone, increase in prostaglandins
What is the main purpose of the second stage of parturition?
to push the fetus into the birth canal
What reflex produces additional uterine contractions during the second stage of parturition?
Ferguson's reflex
When does the third stage of parturition occur?
after all the fetuses have been delivered
How long does the second stage of parturition typically last in a cow?
1 hour
In which species is the duration and degree of effort usually longer in primigravida than in multigravida?
bitch
When is intervention or investigation required during parturition?
when parturition is extended beyond the normal
What is the chronology of parturition in polytocous species?
second stage is complete when all fetuses have been delivered, followed by expulsion of the placenta
What are the two main causes of dystocia?
Maternal causes and fetal causes.
What are some examples of fetal causes of dystocia?
Fetal disposition, oversized fetuses, congenital monsters, small litter size, prolonged gestation, and IVM/IVF.
What are some examples of maternal causes of dystocia?
Inadequate size of the birth canal, incomplete dilation or obstruction of the birth canal, inadequate expulsive forces, and inadequate pelvis size.
What are some examples of inadequate expulsive forces that can cause dystocia?
Uterine inertia, primary and secondary, and weak abdominal straining.
What are some factors that can contribute to feto-maternal disproportion cases of dystocia?
Inadequate pelvis size, relative or absolute oversizing, congenital monsters, and fetal pathology.
What are some challenges in delivering a calf in cows?
Establishing if the calf is deliverable and determining if there is feto-maternal disproportion.
What are the common causes of maternal dystocia in bitches?
Primary inertia, small birth canal, uterine torsion, hydrops, and vaginal septum.
What are the common causes of fetal dystocia in bitches?
Malpresentation, fetal oversize, malformation, and fetal death.
What is the main factor causing maternal dystocia in bitches with primary inertia?
Fergusons reflex is stalled, preventing the pup from being pushed into the birth canal.
What is the main factor causing fetal dystocia in bitches?
Malpresentation of the fetus.
Test your knowledge about the stages of normal parturition, including the preparation stage and the first stage of labor. Explore the role of hormones like relaxin, prostaglandins, and progesterone in the dilation of the cervix and excitability of the uterus.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
