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Questions and Answers
What phases are primarily responsible for weight acceptance during gait?
What phases are primarily responsible for weight acceptance during gait?
- Initial Swing and Mid-Swing
- Initial Contact and Loading Response (correct)
- Terminal Stance and Pre-Swing
- Midstance and Swing Phase
Which phase experiences the most precarious balance during ambulation?
Which phase experiences the most precarious balance during ambulation?
- Midstance (correct)
- Terminal Stance
- Initial Swing
- Loading Response
What is the primary task of the swing phase in gait?
What is the primary task of the swing phase in gait?
- Limb Advancement (correct)
- Force Absorption
- Weight Acceptance
- Height Increase
Which sub-phases of swing are involved in clearing the foot from the floor?
Which sub-phases of swing are involved in clearing the foot from the floor?
What is the effect of knee extension during terminal swing?
What is the effect of knee extension during terminal swing?
What is the physiological definition of normal gait?
What is the physiological definition of normal gait?
Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite of gait?
Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite of gait?
How long does one complete gait cycle last during normal adult walking?
How long does one complete gait cycle last during normal adult walking?
Which phase occurs when one leg is in contact with the ground while the other leg is in motion?
Which phase occurs when one leg is in contact with the ground while the other leg is in motion?
What percentage of total body weight does the head, arms, and trunk (HAT) constitute?
What percentage of total body weight does the head, arms, and trunk (HAT) constitute?
What occurs during the swing phase of the gait cycle?
What occurs during the swing phase of the gait cycle?
Which factor could lead to a pathological gait?
Which factor could lead to a pathological gait?
What does the mechanical definition of gait primarily focus on?
What does the mechanical definition of gait primarily focus on?
What percentage of the gait cycle is the stance phase?
What percentage of the gait cycle is the stance phase?
Which phase occurs first during the stance phase?
Which phase occurs first during the stance phase?
During which phase does the body's center of mass move directly over the foot?
During which phase does the body's center of mass move directly over the foot?
Which phase marks the end of the weight-bearing interval in the stance phase?
Which phase marks the end of the weight-bearing interval in the stance phase?
What characterizes the loading response phase?
What characterizes the loading response phase?
The swing phase of the gait cycle represents what interval?
The swing phase of the gait cycle represents what interval?
What percentage of the gait cycle is occupied by the terminal stance phase?
What percentage of the gait cycle is occupied by the terminal stance phase?
What event signifies the transition from the terminal stance to the pre-swing phase?
What event signifies the transition from the terminal stance to the pre-swing phase?
What percentage of the gait cycle is the initial swing phase?
What percentage of the gait cycle is the initial swing phase?
During which phase does the reference limb pass directly under the body?
During which phase does the reference limb pass directly under the body?
What is the primary function of the terminal swing phase?
What is the primary function of the terminal swing phase?
Which phase of the gait cycle has both feet in contact with the ground?
Which phase of the gait cycle has both feet in contact with the ground?
What function does the stance phase serve in human gait?
What function does the stance phase serve in human gait?
As running velocity increases, what trend occurs with double-limb support time?
As running velocity increases, what trend occurs with double-limb support time?
What percentage of the gait cycle does single limb support (SLS) take up?
What percentage of the gait cycle does single limb support (SLS) take up?
Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental tasks associated with human gait?
Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental tasks associated with human gait?
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Study Notes
Gait Cycle
- The gait cycle describes the motions from heel contact to the same heel's next contact.
- One cycle lasts approximately 1 second at normal walking speeds and covers 1.4 meters.
- The cycle is divided into two phases: stance and swing.
Stance Phase (60% of the gait cycle)
- Refers to the period where the foot is in contact with the ground.
- It's divided into five sub-phases:
- Initial Contact (heel strike): The foot makes initial contact with the ground, typically with the heel.
- Loading Response (flat foot): The foot makes full contact with the ground, and weight fully transfers onto the stance limb.
- Mid-Stance: The body's center of mass (COM) moves directly over the foot.
- Terminal Stance (heel off): The heel of the reference foot rises.
- Pre-Swing (toe off): Only the toe of the reference limb remains in contact with the ground.
Swing Phase (40% of the gait cycle)
- Refers to the period where the foot is not in contact with the ground.
- It's divided into three sub-phases:
- Initial Swing (acceleration): The toe of the reference limb leaves the ground.
- Mid-Swing: The reference limb passes directly under the body.
- Terminal Swing (deceleration): The knee extends in preparation for new heel strike.
Intervals of the Gait Cycle
- The gait cycle is further divided into intervals:
- Double Limb Support (IDS and TDS): Both feet are in contact with the ground, occurring during the initial contact and loading response (IDS) and pre-swing (TDS).
- Single Limb Support (SLS): Only one foot is in contact with the ground, encompassing the mid-stance and terminal stance phases.
Functional Tasks of Gait
- There are three fundamental tasks associated with human gait:
- Weight acceptance (involved in stance phase): The ability to receive and distribute the body's weight.
- Single-limb support (involved in stance phase): The ability to maintain balance during stance on one leg.
- Limb advancement (involved in swing phase): The ability to move the limb forward, advancing the body.
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