Understanding Syntax in Language

The sentence 'Cats chase dogs' does not have the same meaning as 'Dogs chase cats,' showing that the ______ of words is meaningful.

Syntax is the ______ component of language.

The knowledge of a language involves understanding how meaning is mapped onto ______ and the purpose of different structures.

The word 'syntax' originates from the Ancient Greek term 'sýntaxis,' which means '______' or 'setting out together'.

Syntax acts as a system that mediates between linguistic ______ and meanings.

One of the main goals of syntax is to understand why sentences have the ______ properties they display.

Syntax helps determine what words can be put together and, equally important, what words ______ be put together in a given language.

The grammars of languages provide their speakers with resources for the expression of their thoughts in ______.

In English interrogative sentences, a wh-pronoun must move to the front of the ______ clause.

The role of syntax is to generate the set of all ______ acceptable combinations of smaller linguistic elements.

The sentence 'Colorless green ideas sleep furiously' demonstrates that syntax can generate sentences that are grammatically correct but ______.

Syntax licenses only some of the logically possible combinations/structures, demonstrating that not all combinations of linguistic elements are ______ in a given language.

Knowledge of the syntax of a language is essentially knowledge of the ______ of structure-building.

The knowledge of syntax underlies how we compute the ______ of the combinations that syntax licenses, impacting how we interpret sentences.

Syntax imposes ______ restrictions on the form of objects it builds, which may have nothing to do with the meaning of those objects.

The complementizer 'that' is sometimes obligatory in certain sentence structures, even though it only has ______ meaning.

A difference in the order of sentence elements can trigger a difference in ______ meaning, which is why word/constituent order is one of the principal concerns of syntax.

English follows a strict Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order, making it an ______ language, where deviations from this order often result in ungrammatical sentences.

Unlike English, Lakhota is an SOV language, where the verb typically appears at the ______ of the sentence, following both the subject and the object.

Languages like Polish, which exhibit flexible constituent order, demonstrate that the order of sentence elements does not always alter the core ______ meaning of a sentence.

Even in English, shifting the order of sentence elements can sometimes highlight focused information, such as moving the object to the beginning of the sentence for emphasis, but the ______ must still adhere to certain rules to maintain grammaticality.

Linguistic ingredients in a language are arranged according to a set of ______ that dictate what to combine with what and in what order to form grammatical structures.

In English, determiners like 'the' or 'a' typically ______ the noun they modify, while in Lakhota, determiners follow the noun.

The ungrammaticality of '*The door close!' in English demonstrates that English syntax requires the object to ______ the verb in declarative sentences.

Syntax places limitations on the elements that can be combined with other elements, as exemplified by the phrase the book [Det N] versus invalid phrases like *the should [*______ Aux].

Subject-auxiliary inversion is generally required in interrogative sentences, syntax blocks this inversion in ______ questions

Syntax dictates that only structurally interconnected groups of words, also known as syntactic ______, can be moved or displaced within a sentence.

The example, The teacher read a book in the library. [In the library] the teacher read a book. demonstrates that reordering elements might maintain the same propositional ______.

In the English language, syntax dictates that it is ungrammatical to move a noun without its ______, as shown in the contrast between moving '[a book]' versus attempting to move 'Book' alone.

An important rule in syntax ensures that one must not strand a ______ by moving the noun phrase that it takes without also moving the preposition itself.

When constructing sentences, syntax strictly enforces the types of elements that can be substituted by other elements, exemplified by 'did' substituting for 'read a book' but not merely for '______' alone.

Syntax regulates the elements that can be dropped, deleted, or unpronounced in discourse; the question 'What is he doing?' can be answered with 'Reading a book' but not with '*Is reading a ______'.

The layers of structure in syntax can be shown through bracketing or on a ______.

In the sentence, 'The journalist interviewed the actor in a tuxedo,' one interpretation suggests the actor was wearing the tuxedo, while another suggests the ______ was conducted in a tuxedo.

Syntax doesn't work by simply ______ elements one by one because there are no rules that work by referencing elements by their position relative to other elements in a sequence.

In forming Yes/No questions, the simple rule of inverting the second element with the first doesn't always work, indicating the need for a more complex ______ understanding.

In syntax, the process of combining words in layers or step-wise fashion indicates a ______ structure rather than a flat, linear one.

The different interpretations of the sentence 'The journalist interviewed the actor in a tuxedo' demonstrate how syntax creates different possible ______ of the same string of words.

A ______ representation of a sentence visually shows the relationships between words and phrases, indicating how they combine to form larger units.

Understanding syntax is crucial because it reveals how sentences are not just sequences of words, but structured arrangements that determine ______.

Inverting the ______ with the expression which functions as the subject of the sentence creates a complex statement.

If a subject is ______, it is required in a sentence and must combine with another constituent to make the sentence grammatical.

A constituent that is ______ is not required and can be removed without making the sentence ungrammatical.

[Blank] is a set of rules that determine what elements can be combined together and in what order to build sentences.

Syntax determines not only what elements can move, but also ______ they can move within a sentence structure.

Syntactic objects are not simply words but the ______ that syntax manipulates to form sentences.

Syntactic categories include classes of words and their ______, such as noun phrases and prepositional phrases.

A noun phrase (NP) in English is typically built out of a ______ combining with a noun (N), and the determiner precedes the noun.

What is syntax?

Grammar's role in communication

Sentence structural properties

Aim of studying syntax

Language knowledge

Syntax definition

Meaning beyond words

Syntax as a mediator

SVO Language

SOV Language

VOS Language

Flexible Word-Order Language

Syntactic Rules

Determiner

Preposition

Syntax

Syntax vs. Meaning

Syntax's Independence

Syntactic Knowledge

Formal syntax restrictions

Complementizer "that"

Wh-pronoun Movement

Languages without Wh-Movement

Tree-diagram

Concatenation

Inversion

Syntax: Layered Structure

Syntax Tree

Yes/No Question Formation

Linear order of words

Syntactic Restrictions

Subject-Auxiliary Inversion

Syntactic Unit Movement

Noun-Determiner Constraint

Preposition Stranding Restriction

Syntax and Meaning

Substitution

Obligatory Subject

Predicate

Omissible Constituent

Syntactic Categories

Syntactic Combinations

Syntactic Relations