Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main definition of a stroke?
What is the main definition of a stroke?
- A neurological event due to traumatic injury
- A sudden neurological event of infectious origin
- A sudden neurological event of vascular origin (correct)
- A chronic neurodegenerative process
What is the recommended door-to-needle time for thrombolysis in acute stroke management?
What is the recommended door-to-needle time for thrombolysis in acute stroke management?
- 30 minutes
- 60 minutes (correct)
- 90 minutes
- 120 minutes
Which of the following best describes the primary aim of stroke units?
Which of the following best describes the primary aim of stroke units?
- To perform a complete workup within 3–4 hours (correct)
- To initiate neurorehabilitation immediately
- To provide long-term care for stroke patients
- To offer palliative care for advanced cases
Which imaging technique is crucial for the early recognition of stroke?
Which imaging technique is crucial for the early recognition of stroke?
Which of the following is a critical component of stroke prevention?
Which of the following is a critical component of stroke prevention?
What is the goal of neurorehabilitation in stroke care?
What is the goal of neurorehabilitation in stroke care?
Which of the following best defines a stroke?
Which of the following best defines a stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of an acute ischemic stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of an acute ischemic stroke?
Intracerebral and subarachnoid types are most commonly associated with which type of stroke?
Intracerebral and subarachnoid types are most commonly associated with which type of stroke?
Which of the following conditions could mimic a stroke, causing similar symptoms?
Which of the following conditions could mimic a stroke, causing similar symptoms?
A stroke that appears atypical and may initially be mistaken for another condition is called a:
A stroke that appears atypical and may initially be mistaken for another condition is called a:
Which of the following is NOT considered a stroke mimic?
Which of the following is NOT considered a stroke mimic?
Which of the following symptoms could indicate a 'stroke chameleon,' where the stroke symptoms are disguised?
Which of the following symptoms could indicate a 'stroke chameleon,' where the stroke symptoms are disguised?
Which type of stroke is the most common, accounting for approximately 65% or more of cases?
Which type of stroke is the most common, accounting for approximately 65% or more of cases?
What percentage of strokes are caused by intracerebral hemorrhage?
What percentage of strokes are caused by intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following is considered a 'warning stroke' that often precedes a full stroke?
Which of the following is considered a 'warning stroke' that often precedes a full stroke?
Which of the following risk factors is related to vessel wall damage and can increase stroke risk?
Which of the following risk factors is related to vessel wall damage and can increase stroke risk?
Atherosclerosis is a risk factor for stroke primarily because it:
Atherosclerosis is a risk factor for stroke primarily because it:
Which of the following risk factors for stroke is specifically associated with the vessel lumen?
Which of the following risk factors for stroke is specifically associated with the vessel lumen?
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) increases the risk of stroke primarily through:
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) increases the risk of stroke primarily through:
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a vessel wall risk factor for stroke?
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a vessel wall risk factor for stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a direct vessel lumen-related risk factor for stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a direct vessel lumen-related risk factor for stroke?
Which of the following is a stroke risk factor related to personal and genetic background?
Which of the following is a stroke risk factor related to personal and genetic background?
Which of the following is a unique vessel wall disease associated with young stroke patients under 50?
Which of the following is a unique vessel wall disease associated with young stroke patients under 50?
Which condition is specifically linked to small vessel disease in young stroke patients?
Which condition is specifically linked to small vessel disease in young stroke patients?
Which heart condition may increase the risk of stroke in young individuals by allowing clots to bypass the lungs?
Which heart condition may increase the risk of stroke in young individuals by allowing clots to bypass the lungs?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for stroke specifically noted in younger patients?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for stroke specifically noted in younger patients?
Which of the following could be a drug-induced cause of stroke in younger patients?
Which of the following could be a drug-induced cause of stroke in younger patients?
In young stroke patients, which condition is associated with blood clot formation due to an immune system disorder?
In young stroke patients, which condition is associated with blood clot formation due to an immune system disorder?
Which type of anemia is a risk factor for stroke, especially in young patients?
Which type of anemia is a risk factor for stroke, especially in young patients?
Which of the following could be considered a large vessel cause of stroke in young individuals?
Which of the following could be considered a large vessel cause of stroke in young individuals?
Migraines are a stroke risk factor in young people mainly because they:
A) Increase blood pressure
B) Contribute to large vessel disease
C) Are associated with vasoconstriction and vascular instability
D) Cause immune system compromise
Migraines are a stroke risk factor in young people mainly because they: A) Increase blood pressure B) Contribute to large vessel disease C) Are associated with vasoconstriction and vascular instability D) Cause immune system compromise
Fibromuscular dysplasia is primarily associated with which of the following?
Fibromuscular dysplasia is primarily associated with which of the following?
Which of the following conditions is associated with small vessel disease?
Which of the following conditions is associated with small vessel disease?
Dissection is most commonly associated with:
Dissection is most commonly associated with:
Anti-phospholipid syndrome, which increases stroke risk, primarily affects which of the following?
Anti-phospholipid syndrome, which increases stroke risk, primarily affects which of the following?
Which of the following conditions is linked to both vascular instability and stroke risk, often associated with large vessel involvement?
Which of the following conditions is linked to both vascular instability and stroke risk, often associated with large vessel involvement?
What is the typical cerebral blood flow (CBF) in mL/100 g/min necessary to maintain normal brain function?
What is the typical cerebral blood flow (CBF) in mL/100 g/min necessary to maintain normal brain function?
At what cerebral blood flow rate does electrical failure and ion pump failure begin, leading to potential cell death?
At what cerebral blood flow rate does electrical failure and ion pump failure begin, leading to potential cell death?
What is the 'penumbra' in the context of ischemic stroke?
What is the 'penumbra' in the context of ischemic stroke?
Which threshold in cerebral blood flow marks the beginning of affected electrical function but not complete cell death?
Which threshold in cerebral blood flow marks the beginning of affected electrical function but not complete cell death?
Cerebral autoregulation maintains stable cerebral blood flow despite changes in which of the following?
Cerebral autoregulation maintains stable cerebral blood flow despite changes in which of the following?
What happens to cerebral blood volume (CBV) in areas of metabolically active tissue?
What happens to cerebral blood volume (CBV) in areas of metabolically active tissue?
What is the main outcome when mean arterial pressure (MAP) falls below the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation?
What is the main outcome when mean arterial pressure (MAP) falls below the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation?
Which of the following indicates a loss of cerebral autoregulation due to prolonged ischemia?
Which of the following indicates a loss of cerebral autoregulation due to prolonged ischemia?
What is the effect of good collateral circulation during a stroke?
What is the effect of good collateral circulation during a stroke?
What happens when collateral circulation is absent or inadequate during a stroke?
What happens when collateral circulation is absent or inadequate during a stroke?
What is the outcome if the collateral circulation is blocked by a propagating thrombus?
What is the outcome if the collateral circulation is blocked by a propagating thrombus?
When an embolus blocks a bifurcation in the brain's arterial system, what is the likely result?
When an embolus blocks a bifurcation in the brain's arterial system, what is the likely result?
What can happen to a brain infarction if clot lysis occurs?
What can happen to a brain infarction if clot lysis occurs?
What happens when the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) collateral circulation is blocked?
What happens when the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) collateral circulation is blocked?
What is the primary consequence of a sudden occlusion of a large artery like the middle cerebral artery (MCA)?
A) No infarction will occur if collateral supply is adequate.
B) The infarct will be silent and unnoticed.
C) The infarction will typically be massive, with extensive damage.
D) The infarction will lead to immediate hemorrhagic transformation.
What is the primary consequence of a sudden occlusion of a large artery like the middle cerebral artery (MCA)? A) No infarction will occur if collateral supply is adequate. B) The infarct will be silent and unnoticed. C) The infarction will typically be massive, with extensive damage. D) The infarction will lead to immediate hemorrhagic transformation.
What is the primary role of multiphase CT angiography in stroke imaging?
What is the primary role of multiphase CT angiography in stroke imaging?
What is the sensitivity of non-contrast CT (NCCT) for detecting early ischemic changes in the first 3 hours after stroke onset?
What is the sensitivity of non-contrast CT (NCCT) for detecting early ischemic changes in the first 3 hours after stroke onset?
What does hypodensity (decreased density) on a non-contrast CT scan indicate in the context of stroke?
What does hypodensity (decreased density) on a non-contrast CT scan indicate in the context of stroke?
In the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS), what score indicates a significant ischemic event in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory?
In the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS), what score indicates a significant ischemic event in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory?
What is the role of MR imaging in detecting ischemic changes compared to CT scanning?
What is the role of MR imaging in detecting ischemic changes compared to CT scanning?
What imaging feature on non-contrast CT is indicative of ischemia?
What imaging feature on non-contrast CT is indicative of ischemia?
What does petechial hemorrhage in the brain indicate in the context of stroke imaging?
What does petechial hemorrhage in the brain indicate in the context of stroke imaging?
What does a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) on PET indicate?
What does a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) on PET indicate?
What does sulcal effacement on NCCT suggest?
What does sulcal effacement on NCCT suggest?
What does the loss of the lentiform nucleus on NCCT typically indicate?
What does the loss of the lentiform nucleus on NCCT typically indicate?
Which of the following is a common cause of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion?
Which of the following is a common cause of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion?
What is the typical sign on imaging for an acute MCA infarct?
What is the typical sign on imaging for an acute MCA infarct?
Which of the following is most likely to cause large vessel occlusion in the brain? A) Cardioembolism B) Atherothrombosis C) Small vessel disease D) Hypertension
Which of the following is most likely to cause large vessel occlusion in the brain? A) Cardioembolism B) Atherothrombosis C) Small vessel disease D) Hypertension
Where do most emboli causing ischemic stroke originate?
Where do most emboli causing ischemic stroke originate?
Which of the following can be seen on a CT scan of a chronic MCA infarct?
Which of the following can be seen on a CT scan of a chronic MCA infarct?
Where do most emboli causing ischemic stroke originate?
Where do most emboli causing ischemic stroke originate?
Which of the following is a common cause of large artery occlusion due to thrombus formation?
Which of the following is a common cause of large artery occlusion due to thrombus formation?
Which of the following conditions is associated with arterial dissection in the carotid or vertebral arteries?
Which of the following conditions is associated with arterial dissection in the carotid or vertebral arteries?
Which of the following heart conditions can result in cardioembolic stroke due to clot formation in the heart?
Which of the following heart conditions can result in cardioembolic stroke due to clot formation in the heart?
Which of the following is associated with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)?
Which of the following is associated with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)?
Which of the following is a common cause of arterial dissection in the neck?
A) Trauma or neck injury
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Hypertension
D) Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following is a common cause of arterial dissection in the neck? A) Trauma or neck injury B) Atherosclerosis C) Hypertension D) Rheumatoid arthritis
Arterial dissection in the neck is most commonly associated with which of the following arteries?
Arterial dissection in the neck is most commonly associated with which of the following arteries?
Which of the following conditions is often associated with arterial dissection, especially in young individuals?
Which of the following conditions is often associated with arterial dissection, especially in young individuals?
What is the general principle behind the phrase 'Time is brain' in acute stroke management?
What is the general principle behind the phrase 'Time is brain' in acute stroke management?
According to Goyal et al. (2015), what is the expected outcome for 1 in 4 patients if treated with thrombolysis or clot retrieval within the first 1.5 hours?
According to Goyal et al. (2015), what is the expected outcome for 1 in 4 patients if treated with thrombolysis or clot retrieval within the first 1.5 hours?
Which of the following describes small vessel disease in stroke?
Which of the following describes small vessel disease in stroke?
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are associated with which of the following?
A) Small vessel disease
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Embolic stroke
D) Large artery occlusion
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are associated with which of the following? A) Small vessel disease B) Atherosclerosis C) Embolic stroke D) Large artery occlusion
Which of the following is most characteristic of small vessel disease in the brain?
Which of the following is most characteristic of small vessel disease in the brain?
Which of the following interventions is most beneficial for patients with acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours of symptom onset?
Which of the following interventions is most beneficial for patients with acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours of symptom onset?
The main limitation of thrombolysis beyond 4.5 hours from symptom onset is:
A) Increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation
B) Decreased effectiveness in improving outcomes
C) Lack of access to appropriate neuroimaging
D) High cost and logistical delays in treatment
The main limitation of thrombolysis beyond 4.5 hours from symptom onset is: A) Increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation B) Decreased effectiveness in improving outcomes C) Lack of access to appropriate neuroimaging D) High cost and logistical delays in treatment
Which of the following is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following conditions is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage due to amyloid angiopathy?
Which of the following conditions is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage due to amyloid angiopathy?
Amyloid angiopathy is most commonly associated with which type of protein?
Amyloid angiopathy is most commonly associated with which type of protein?
Which of the following is a common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with no known vascular risk factors?
Which of the following is a common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with no known vascular risk factors?
In patients with ruptured intracerebral aneurysms, which of the following drugs is most commonly associated with increased risk?
In patients with ruptured intracerebral aneurysms, which of the following drugs is most commonly associated with increased risk?
What is the most common site for berry aneurysms in the brain?
What is the most common site for berry aneurysms in the brain?
Which of the following conditions is a known risk factor for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) and can cause intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following conditions is a known risk factor for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) and can cause intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following is considered a stroke mimic in the context of intracerebral hemorrhage? (Select one)
Which of the following is considered a stroke mimic in the context of intracerebral hemorrhage? (Select one)
In the case of intracerebral hemorrhage, which of the following is most important to check in the family history?
In the case of intracerebral hemorrhage, which of the following is most important to check in the family history?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following is an important characteristic of lacunar infarcts caused by small vessel disease?
Which of the following is an important characteristic of lacunar infarcts caused by small vessel disease?
Intracerebral hemorrhage due to amyloid angiopathy is more likely to occur in which area of the brain?
Intracerebral hemorrhage due to amyloid angiopathy is more likely to occur in which area of the brain?
What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?
A) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
B) Anticoagulants
C) Hypertension
D) Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)? A) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy B) Anticoagulants C) Hypertension D) Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is primarily associated with:
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is primarily associated with:
A patient on anticoagulants presents with a sudden onset of a severe headache and altered mental status. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A patient on anticoagulants presents with a sudden onset of a severe headache and altered mental status. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What distinguishes intracerebral hemorrhage from other types of intracranial hemorrhage?
What distinguishes intracerebral hemorrhage from other types of intracranial hemorrhage?
Which of the following is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage due to small vascular malformations?
Which of the following is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage due to small vascular malformations?
Which of the following is a common risk factor for the development of berry (saccular) aneurysms?
Which of the following is a common risk factor for the development of berry (saccular) aneurysms?
Which of the following is a common risk factor for the development of berry (saccular) aneurysms?
Which of the following is a common risk factor for the development of berry (saccular) aneurysms?
What is a classic symptom reported by patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
What is a classic symptom reported by patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
What is the common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
What is the common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
Which condition is commonly associated with an increased risk of berry aneurysms?
Which condition is commonly associated with an increased risk of berry aneurysms?
After a patient presents with a sudden severe headache and neck stiffness, what would be the next appropriate step if a non-contrast CT scan shows a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
A) Administer pain relief and observe
B) Perform lumbar puncture to look for xanthochromia
C) Discharge the patient with instructions for follow-up
D) Perform a full neurological examination and send for MRI
After a patient presents with a sudden severe headache and neck stiffness, what would be the next appropriate step if a non-contrast CT scan shows a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
A) Administer pain relief and observe B) Perform lumbar puncture to look for xanthochromia C) Discharge the patient with instructions for follow-up D) Perform a full neurological examination and send for MRI
In a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), how soon does rebleeding typically occur after the initial event?
In a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), how soon does rebleeding typically occur after the initial event?
What is a typical finding in a lumbar puncture for a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
What is a typical finding in a lumbar puncture for a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
Which of the following describes a berry aneurysm in terms of its formation and rupture risk?
Which of the following describes a berry aneurysm in terms of its formation and rupture risk?
Flashcards
Stroke Definition
Stroke Definition
A sudden neurological event of vascular origin.
Thrombolysis Time
Thrombolysis Time
60 minutes is the recommended door-to-needle time for thrombolysis in acute stroke management.
Stroke Unit Goal
Stroke Unit Goal
Complete workup within 3-4 hours.
Stroke Imaging
Stroke Imaging
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stroke Prevention
Stroke Prevention
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neurorehabilitation Goal
Neurorehabilitation Goal
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acute Ischemic Stroke Cause (not)
Acute Ischemic Stroke Cause (not)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hemorrhagic Stroke Types
Hemorrhagic Stroke Types
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stroke Mimics
Stroke Mimics
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stroke Chameleon
Stroke Chameleon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Not a Stroke Mimic
Not a Stroke Mimic
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stroke Chameleon Symptoms
Stroke Chameleon Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Common Stroke Type
Common Stroke Type
Signup and view all the flashcards
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke %
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke %
Signup and view all the flashcards
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stroke Risk Factor: Hypertension
Stroke Risk Factor: Hypertension
Signup and view all the flashcards
Atherosclerosis and Stroke Risk
Atherosclerosis and Stroke Risk
Signup and view all the flashcards
Embolism and Stroke Risk (Vessel Lumen)
Embolism and Stroke Risk (Vessel Lumen)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Risk
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Risk
Signup and view all the flashcards
