Podcast
Questions and Answers
Stress is the general physical and emotional state that accompanies reactions to a ______.
Stress is the general physical and emotional state that accompanies reactions to a ______.
stressor
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates breathing, muscles, and heart rate while releasing ______ and epinephrine.
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates breathing, muscles, and heart rate while releasing ______ and epinephrine.
cortisol
Type A personalities are known for being impatient, perfectionist, and sometimes ______.
Type A personalities are known for being impatient, perfectionist, and sometimes ______.
hostile
Allostatic load refers to the cost of chronic exposure to elevated or fluctuating ______ responses.
Allostatic load refers to the cost of chronic exposure to elevated or fluctuating ______ responses.
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People who exercise regularly tend to react to stress with ______ physical stress.
People who exercise regularly tend to react to stress with ______ physical stress.
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Individuals with a Type D personality often experience negative emotions like anxiety and ______.
Individuals with a Type D personality often experience negative emotions like anxiety and ______.
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A healthy, balanced diet can help cope with ______.
A healthy, balanced diet can help cope with ______.
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To manage time effectively, one should set priorities and ______ responsibility.
To manage time effectively, one should set priorities and ______ responsibility.
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Elevated blood triglyceride levels are one of the contributing risk factors for ______.
Elevated blood triglyceride levels are one of the contributing risk factors for ______.
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An abnormal EKG may show a heart rate between 300-600 and an irregular ______.
An abnormal EKG may show a heart rate between 300-600 and an irregular ______.
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Smoking is responsible for 90% of ______ cancer.
Smoking is responsible for 90% of ______ cancer.
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A tumor is defined as a mass of tissue that serves no physiological ______.
A tumor is defined as a mass of tissue that serves no physiological ______.
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Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer that uses ______ to destroy cancerous cells.
Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer that uses ______ to destroy cancerous cells.
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About 15-20% of cancers are caused by ______, such as HPV.
About 15-20% of cancers are caused by ______, such as HPV.
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Malignant tumors are cancerous, while ______ tumors are non-cancerous.
Malignant tumors are cancerous, while ______ tumors are non-cancerous.
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Colon cancer predominantly affects individuals age ______+.
Colon cancer predominantly affects individuals age ______+.
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Cognitive techniques and relaxation techniques can help manage ______.
Cognitive techniques and relaxation techniques can help manage ______.
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Coronary artery disease involves the narrowing of arteries that supply the heart muscle with ______.
Coronary artery disease involves the narrowing of arteries that supply the heart muscle with ______.
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Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits called ______ in the arteries.
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits called ______ in the arteries.
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Ischemia refers to insufficient ______ flow to any tissue.
Ischemia refers to insufficient ______ flow to any tissue.
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A thrombus is a stationary ______ clot.
A thrombus is a stationary ______ clot.
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One major risk factor that is non-modifiable is ______ history.
One major risk factor that is non-modifiable is ______ history.
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Hypertension, or high ______, results in the destruction of the inner lining of blood vessels.
Hypertension, or high ______, results in the destruction of the inner lining of blood vessels.
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Excessive body fat makes the heart work harder and is strongly linked to ______.
Excessive body fat makes the heart work harder and is strongly linked to ______.
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Study Notes
Stress
- Stress: the general physical and emotional state accompanying reactions to a stressor
- Stressor: a physical or psychological event or condition that produces physical and emotional reactions
- Nervous system controls emotions involuntarily
- Sympathetic: stimulates breathing, muscles, and heart rate; releases cortisol and epinephrine (fight-or-flight)
- Parasympathetic: controls digestion, relaxation; directs blood away from muscles to kidneys and gut; inhibits stress hormones
- Allostatic load: the cost of chronic exposure to elevated or fluctuating endocrine or neural responses resulting from chronic or repeated stress situations
- Stress determined by personality, gender, culture, and past experiences
- Type A: impatient, perfectionist, highly competitive, sometimes hostile, can be excessively angry with poor coping skills
- Type B: relaxed, thoughtful, responds evenly to stress
- Type C: repressed anger, less able to express emotion, feels hopelessness, exaggerates response to stress
- Type D: negative emotions like anxiety and depression; avoids socialization
- Hardiness: optimistic view of conflict, loss, and stress
- Resilience: ability to respond to stressful situations in groups of people who are more likely to experience stress
- Nonreactive, homeostatic, and positive growth
- Negative effects of high cortisol and epinephrine: immune system problems (e.g., diseases with inflammation like diabetes), cardiovascular disease (increased blood pressure), digestive problems (IBS, ulcers, constipation)
- Exercise: can lessen physical stress before, during, and after stress exposure
- Sleep: 7-9 hours needed; 70 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders
- Social support and communication: manage stress, conflict resolution (clarify issues, find out what each person wants, and decide how to negotiate)
- Spiritual wellness: associated with greater coping skills and higher levels of overall wellness
- Time management: set priorities, schedule tasks, consolidate tasks, delegate responsibility, give yourself a break
- Cognitive & relaxation techniques: help manage stress
- Cardiovascular disease: conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels
Coronary Artery Disease & Arteriosclerosis
- Coronary artery disease: condition where arteries supplying the heart with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed by fatty deposits (cholesterol, triglycerides)
- Arteriosclerosis: generalized disease where medium-sized arteries harden and thicken
- Atherosclerosis: disease characterized by buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in arteries
- Ischemia: insufficient blood flow to any tissue
- Causes of Angina Pectoris: generalized pain in chest, neck, and arms due to insufficient blood flow
- Thrombus: stationary blood clot
- Embolus: dislodged blood clot blocking flow in another area
- Stroke: a brain injury from blocked or damaged arteries supplying the brain
- Risk factor analysis: identifies factors increasing risk for cardiovascular disease (educating people, identifies baseline measurements)
Non-Modifiable & Modifiable Risk Factors
- Non-modifiable risk factors: personal/family history, age (men over 45, women over 55), gender (men more likely)
- Modifiable risk factors: hypertension (high blood pressure), causes damage to inner lining of blood vessels and plaque deposition, exercise, weight loss, less stress, smoking (damages artery walls, forms blood clots, decreases HDL), excessive body fat (increases triglyceride levels, lowers HDL, increase work on heart), diabetes (can't control blood pressure; damages blood vessels), high cholesterol (blockages, decreased intake of saturated fat, vitamin C, E), physical inactivity (can decrease blood pressure, reduce body fat and stress and triglycerides, and increase HDL), elevated blood triglycerides, elevated homocysteine, stress, abnormal EKG
EKG, Cancer, and Other Medical Conditions
- EKG: graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity; normal has 60-100 bpm, regular rhythm
- Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease: angioplasty, CABG, medications
- Cancer: uncontrolled multiplication of cells, responsible for 1 in 4 US deaths (second leading cause of death)
- Tumor: mass of tissue with no physiological purpose; benign or malignant
- Metastasis: spread of cancer cells
- Main causes of cancer: genetic factors, lifestyle factors, environmental factors
- Smoking related to 90% of lung cancers (death rate)
- Cancer risk factors for specific cancers (e.g., prostate cancer detected by PSA, cervical cancer by Pap test, etc.)
Other Conditions
- Alcohol associated with several cancers
- Acrylamide: probable human carcinogen in cooked starch-based foods
- Lack of fiber can cause cancer
- Phytochemicals have cancer-fighting properties
- General environmental pollution can contribute to cancer
- Microbes (e.g., HPV) can cause approximately 15-20% of cancers
- High estrogen levels
- Common cancers (e.g. breast, lung, colon and rectum): different procedures, tests, and treatments, and survival rates.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of stress, stressors, and the nervous system's role in emotional responses. It examines different personality types related to stress management and the physiological impacts of chronic stress. Test your knowledge on how stress affects health and well-being.
