Understanding Software as a Service (SaaS)
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Which of the following describes Software as a Service (SaaS)?

  • A method for businesses to sell software at low cost.
  • A form of cloud computing where software is subscribed to online, eliminating management responsibility. (correct)
  • A payment method for software products.
  • Software that requires physical hardware to run.

What is one of the main advantages of open-source software (OSS) compared to conventional software?

  • OSS typically comes with comprehensive support services.
  • OSS is less reliable due to fewer developers.
  • OSS can be freely modified and redistributed. (correct)
  • OSS requires a subscription fee.

What challenge do large software companies face when competing with open-source software?

  • OSS products are typically difficult to modify.
  • OSS products are heavily regulated by governments.
  • OSS products are free, which can undercut their pricing models. (correct)
  • OSS lacks scalability for large applications.

What does virtualization technology allow a computer to do?

<p>Run multiple operating systems on a single hardware platform. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of open-source software, how does community involvement impact software quality?

<p>More contributors lead to higher likelihood of uncovering and fixing errors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best defines the LAMP stack?

<p>Linux, Apache, MySQL, and a variety of programming languages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of servers in AWS run Linux?

<p>92% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does open-source software contribute to security improvements?

<p>By enabling a transparent review process by many independent users. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scalability in software refer to?

<p>The capacity to handle increased workloads or expand easily. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major security breach was associated with the Heartbleed bug?

<p>An error in OpenSSL security toolkit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common product of open-source software?

<p>Adobe Photoshop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model do OSS firms typically rely on for revenue?

<p>Selling support and consulting services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Open Source Software (OSS) is true?

<p>OSS can lower computing costs for smaller firms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Core Infrastructure Initiative was established to support what?

<p>Funding open-source projects critical for core computing functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which open-source software is primarily used for running blogs or websites?

<p>WordPress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'agility' in software development?

<p>The ability to adapt quickly during the process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which open-source database competes directly with commercial products from Oracle and Microsoft?

<p>MongoDB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key takeaway from the Heartbleed incident regarding open-source tools?

<p>Widespread use does not guarantee the safety of the software. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of white hat hackers?

<p>To uncover computer weaknesses and improve system security (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT associated with social engineering tactics?

<p>Using technical jargon to confuse employees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does XKeyscore primarily allow government agencies to do?

<p>Collect data on nearly everything a user does online (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes black hat hackers?

<p>Computer criminals who exploit system vulnerabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a flaw commonly found in password security among users?

<p>Changing passwords frequently with only minor adjustments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do worms spread compared to viruses?

<p>Worms exploit existing vulnerabilities to spread automatically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an efficient method to improve password security?

<p>Implementing multi-factor authentication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these represents a dishonest employee in a workplace context?

<p>A bad apple who steals secrets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key strategy Uber uses to manage its operational costs?

<p>Eliminating capital costs by not owning vehicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main complaints from customers regarding Uber's pricing model?

<p>High surge pricing during peak times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of technology is Uber experimenting with to improve driver verification?

<p>Voice recognition and biometrics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does Uber face when expanding into global markets?

<p>Regulatory challenges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What competitive advantage does Uber leverage through network effects?

<p>More riders use apps with more drivers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Uber's 'God View'?

<p>A software system displaying real-time maps and locations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant loses reported by Uber in the recent quarter?

<p>5.2 billion loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Uber empower customers and drivers regarding performance issues?

<p>By allowing them to report bad performance directly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of initiative has Uber experimented with as part of its expansion strategy?

<p>Bike messenger service (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company has shown stronger growth numbers than Uber recently?

<p>Lyft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does technology play in collaborative consumption?

<p>It allows diverse providers to connect with consumers for better reach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following services fosters peer-to-peer lending?

<p>LendingClub (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes 'collaborative consumption'?

<p>Objects are temporarily possessed and returned for others to use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a reason for the growth of the sharing economy?

<p>High levels of consumer disposable income. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following platforms is a professional service marketplace?

<p>Upwork (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about early players in the sharing economy is true?

<p>They benefit from gaining scale and financial resources early on. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do marketplaces provide in fragmented markets?

<p>They connect suppliers and customers with various services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a service that exemplifies collaborative consumption?

<p>Using Uber for a ride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do social media contribute to the sharing economy?

<p>They facilitate rapid sharing of information among users. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of 'citizen suppliers' in the sharing economy?

<p>They rent out their personal assets or offer personal services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main advantage do all major hardware firms gain from running Linux?

<p>They attract more third-party vendors to write application software. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) encompass?

<p>The costs associated with design, development, testing, implementation, documentation, training, and maintenance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following risks is specifically associated with adopting Open Source Software (OSS)?

<p>Potential legal exposure from distribution of code. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary business model for most Software as a Service (SaaS) firms?

<p>Usage-based pricing similar to subscription. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of SaaS models related to system reliability?

<p>Dependence on a stable network connection for access. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benefits is unique to the SaaS model?

<p>Instant deployment of bug fixes and product enhancements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the implications of cloud computing for organizations?

<p>It potentially alters the cost structure and innovation of organizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

<p>Tools for developing, testing, and deploying software in the cloud. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common concern related to the long-term viability of SaaS providers?

<p>Dependence on a single vendor and their continued existence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do IaaS services primarily benefit organizations?

<p>By offering the infrastructure needed to run their applications without purchasing hardware. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk is associated with the UI of web-based software compared to traditional desktop applications?

<p>The user interface of web-based software is less sophisticated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor discourages third-party firms from developing popular desktop applications for Linux?

<p>The lack of user demand in the desktop market. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of service allows a firm to use a cloud provider’s infrastructure to run their own developed software?

<p>Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant legal risk associated with using OSS products?

<p>Possible legal action for compliance violations with OSS licenses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Sharing Economy

A system where individuals share access to goods and services, often facilitated by technology, enabling them to become both consumers and providers.

Citizen Suppliers

Individuals who leverage technology to offer their personal assets or skills as services, transforming from consumers into providers.

Collaborative Consumption

A model where individuals share access to goods or services, using them for a limited time and then making them available to others.

Internet-Enabled Market Makers

Platforms that connect consumers and providers through technology, facilitating transactions and creating a digital marketplace.

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Types of Shared Goods

Include pre-owned items, loaner products, and custom creations.

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Types of Shared Services

Span a wide range, encompassing professional tasks, personal services, and even deliveries.

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Impact of Recession on Sharing Economy

The global recession contributed to the rise of the sharing economy, as consumers sought cost-effective alternatives and individuals turned to services for income.

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Benefits of Sharing Economy

Offer cost-effective alternatives, provide income opportunities for individuals, and promote sustainability through reuse and reduced consumption.

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Peer-to-Peer Supply

A model where individuals directly connect with each other, eliminating the need for traditional intermediaries and ownership.

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Social Media Role in Sharing Economy

Plays a crucial role in spreading awareness, promoting businesses, and connecting consumers through word-of-mouth marketing.

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Software Products MC

Marginal cost of producing an additional copy of software is essentially zero, making the industry very attractive.

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Open Source Software (OSS)

Software with freely accessible source code, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute it.

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Cloud Computing

Accessing computing services (e.g., storage, processing) over the internet, using someone else's hardware.

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

A cloud computing model where a company subscribes to software delivered online, eliminating the need for buying, managing, and maintaining it.

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Virtualization

Technology that allows a single computer to act like multiple separate computers, increasing efficiency and saving resources.

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Linux

A popular open-source operating system running on numerous devices, from phones to supercomputers.

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LAMP Stack

A popular web development platform combining Linux, Apache web server, MySQL database, and programming languages like PHP, Perl, or Python.

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Benefits of OSS

Open source software offers advantages like lower cost, improved reliability, and increased security due to community involvement and scrutiny of the code.

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Edward Snowden

A former CIA employee and NSA contractor who leaked confidential documents exposing government surveillance programs.

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XKeyscore

A US government surveillance program that collects data on nearly everything a user does online.

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White Hat Hacker

A computer security expert who identifies and reports vulnerabilities without exploiting them.

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Black Hat Hacker

A malicious individual who seeks to exploit computer systems for illegal purposes.

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Bad Apples

Dishonest employees who misuse their access to steal secrets, install malware, or sabotage a company.

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Social Engineering

A type of attack that manipulates individuals into revealing confidential information or performing actions that compromise a system.

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Malware

Software designed to harm computer systems without permission.

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Scalability

A system's ability to handle a growing workload or be easily expanded to manage increases in demand.

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Agility

The ability for a company to quickly adapt to change and release new products or features at a faster pace.

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Heartbleed Bug

A serious vulnerability in OpenSSL, a widely used security toolkit, that allowed hackers to access sensitive data.

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Core Infrastructure Initiative

A project funded by the Linux Foundation to support critical open-source projects for core computing functions.

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OSS Business Model

Generating revenue through support and consulting services for open-source software.

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Docker

A tool for containerization that simplifies application deployment and management.

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Version Control Software

Software used to manage changes to code over time, making collaboration and tracking updates easier.

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Non-Relational Distributed Databases

Databases designed to handle unstructured data and distributed across multiple nodes.

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Software used to manage interactions with customers, track data, and enhance customer service.

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Linux's Role in the Industry

Linux has unified the hardware industry, allowing major hardware companies to run the same operating system. This creates a larger market for software developers, attracting more applications and services.

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Linux on Desktops

Despite its popularity in other areas like mobile and servers, Linux usage on desktops remains limited. Factors contributing to this include complexities in installation, potential cost increases, and limited software availability.

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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

The TCO of software includes all costs associated with its design, development, testing, implementation, documentation, training, and maintenance. Understanding TCO helps businesses make informed decisions about software choices.

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Open Source Software (OSS) Legal Risks

Using OSS can come with legal risks, particularly around licensing and intellectual property. Companies must be aware of their obligations to avoid potential legal action.

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Cloud Computing Categories

Cloud computing broadly encompasses Software as a Service (SaaS) and Utility Computing. Utility Computing further categorizes into Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

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SaaS Benefits

SaaS offers cost savings, faster deployment, variable operating expenses, reduced financial risk, scalability, improved quality, remote access, and a tighter feedback loop for product development.

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SaaS Risks

SaaS can create dependence on a single vendor, uncertainty about long-term viability, potential for forced migrations and training costs, reliance on network connectivity, security risks, legal issues, limitations in customization, and user interface challenges compared to desktop software.

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PaaS and IaaS in Cloud Computing

PaaS and IaaS offer companies ways to leverage cloud infrastructure for their software development and deployment. PaaS provides tools and resources for building and running applications, while IaaS offers basic computing power and storage.

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Force.com, App Engine, and Azure

These are examples of hardware cloud services offered by Salesforce.com, Google, and Microsoft respectively. These services provide tools and resources for companies to build and deploy their own applications on the cloud.

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PaaS in Cloud Computing

PaaS allows customers to build their own applications on the cloud provider's infrastructure. It provides resources such as programming languages, databases, and testing tools.

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Cloud Computing: Impact on Firms

Cloud computing significantly impacts the financial future of hardware and software companies, the cost structure and innovation of adopting organizations, and the skill sets valued by employers.

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SaaS: An Assault on Traditional Software Firms

SaaS solutions offer a disruptive approach to traditional software sales, challenging their business models and forcing them to adapt or risk losing market share.

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SaaS Business Models

SaaS firms often utilize usage-based pricing models like subscriptions, offer free services with advertising, or promote upgraded versions with additional fees.

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Examples of SaaS Companies

Companies like NetSuite, Workday, HubSpot, Splunk, and ServiceNow provide SaaS solutions in various domains like enterprise resource planning, human resource management, marketing, analytics, and IT infrastructure management.

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What are the 2 main factors that contribute to Uber's success?

Uber's success is driven by a strong focus on customer desires, leading to large-scale profitability, and a lean cost of doing business through strategies like not owning a fleet of cars and using customer feedback to improve driver quality and reduce costs.

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What is a major customer concern with Uber?

One of the primary complaints from Uber customers is surge pricing. This occurs when Uber raises prices during periods of high demand, making rides more expensive for customers.

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What are some problems Uber has faced?

Uber has faced several challenges, including driver strikes, accusations of stealing self-driving technology, negative press about its culture, and unethical practices, which have impacted its reputation.

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How does Uber maintain safety?

Uber leverages technology to maintain safety by tracking driver and passenger information, using customer feedback to identify and address poor performance, and exploring additional safety features like voice recognition and panic buttons.

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What is 'God View' in Uber?

'God View' refers to a software system that provides real-time maps, car locations, and customer positions, enabling efficient management of drivers and ride allocation.

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How does Uber embed itself in the digital world?

Uber offers an API (application programming interface) that allows other developers to integrate Uber services into their own apps, increasing its reach and presence across various platforms.

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What are some challenges Uber faces?

Challenges include regulatory concerns, maintaining service quality, and navigating competitive global markets.

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How does Uber's network effect work?

Uber benefits from a network effect: more riders attract more drivers, and more drivers attract more riders, creating a positive cycle of growth and strengthening the platform.

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What is Uber's valuation?

Analysts have different opinions on Uber's valuation. Some speculate that the company's focus on logistics and technology positions it for potential expansion into other businesses.

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What are some of Uber's growth concerns?

Uber faces growth concerns due to factors like recent declines in growth numbers, questionable investments, and issues with excessive hiring and job cuts, creating uncertainties about its future.

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Study Notes

Chapter 11: Sharing Economy, Collaborative Consumption, and Efficient Markets through Tech

  • Tech facilitates connections between diverse product/service providers and consumers, offering greater reach and efficiency.
  • Efforts enable "citizen suppliers," where product owners become rental providers (e.g., rooms – Airbnb, cars – Turo, boats – Boatsetters).
  • A new class of micro-entrepreneurs provides personal services like car rides (Uber), pet sitting (Rover), meal prep (Feastly), home services (Care.com).
  • Some firms buy inventory and rent (Rent the Runway, Zipcar, Chegg).
  • Collaborative consumption involves individuals using products for a period then returning them for others' use.
  • Consumers collaborate as financiers, pooling capital for projects (Kickstarter, GoFundMe) and loans (LendingClub).
  • Internet-enabled market makers, rooted in eBay and Craigslist, facilitate these transactions.

Goods and Services

  • Goods include pre-owned items (eBay, Craigslist, ThredUP), loaner products (Zilok, Rent the Runway, Chegg), and custom products (Etsy).
  • Services encompass professional (Upwork, crowdSPRING) and personal services (Angie's List, Handy, TaskRabbit).
  • Additional services include delivery (DoorDash, Grubhub), transportation services (Uber, Lyft, Didi), and loaner vehicles (Turo, Zipcar).
  • Places to stay are listed on platforms like Airbnb, HomeAway, and Couchsurfing. Office spaces are available on platforms like LiquidSpace and ShareDesk.

Social Media and Sharing Economy Growth

  • Word-of-mouth referrals via social media accelerate sharing economy growth (47% of participants learned via word-of-mouth, 91% recommend services to friends).
  • Social proof (others doing it) influences participation.
  • Platforms like Uber connect drivers and customers directly through social media accounts.

Chapter 15: Open Source, Cloud, Virtualized, and App-Driven Shifts

  • Marginal Costs: For software products, marginal cost is zero (MC = 0).
  • Open Source Software (OSS): Free software, allowing users to view and potentially modify code.
  • Cloud Computing: Shifting to services delivered over the internet instead of individual hardware.
  • Software as a Service (SaaS): Third-party software subscription service.
  • Virtualization: Creating multiple virtual computers on a single physical one.
  • Linux: A broadly utilized open-source operating system.
  • LAMP: Popular stack for web servers (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP).

Chapter 19: Information Security

  • Data breaches: Significant data breaches like the 2017 Equifax breach highlight concerns about information security.
  • Target hack: Hackers exploited vulnerabilities in an open-source component (Apache Struts) to gain unauthorized access to Target's systems.
  • Information security is vital in the modern world, especially for large firms dealing with large amounts of client data.

Technology & Security

  • Security: Vulnerabilities in software (e.g., Heartbleed), malicious actors, and insufficient data security measures are crucial concerns.
  • Malware: Malicious software (viruses, worms, and Trojans) poses significant risks to digital systems.
  • Security measures: Implementing security safeguards like firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and network monitoring is critical for protecting systems from attacks.
  • User precautions: Users should follow security best practices to protect their personal data and utilize appropriate security software.

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This quiz explores the concept of Software as a Service (SaaS) and compares it to traditional software solutions. Learn about the advantages of open-source software and the competitive challenges faced by large software companies. Test your knowledge on pivotal software industry concepts.

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