Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of social loafing as described in the content?
What is the main cause of social loafing as described in the content?
- Coordination loss (correct)
- Poor communication
- Overconfidence
- Lack of resources
Which behavior exemplifies social compensation hypothesis?
Which behavior exemplifies social compensation hypothesis?
- Expecting others to carry the burden of work
- Joining a group to ensure tasks are completed
- Trusting others to complete a joint project
- Working harder due to low expectations of others (correct)
What term describes someone who avoids responsibilities in a group setting?
What term describes someone who avoids responsibilities in a group setting?
- The slacker (correct)
- The planner
- The overachiever
- The contributor
What does 'motivation losses' imply in a group dynamic?
What does 'motivation losses' imply in a group dynamic?
Which of the following is an example of avoiding participation in a social setting?
Which of the following is an example of avoiding participation in a social setting?
What is a characteristic of someone labeled as 'the sucker' in a group?
What is a characteristic of someone labeled as 'the sucker' in a group?
What phenomenon did Maximilien Ringelmann observe in his experiment regarding group dynamics?
What phenomenon did Maximilien Ringelmann observe in his experiment regarding group dynamics?
In the context of social loafing, what does 'not voting' represent?
In the context of social loafing, what does 'not voting' represent?
What behavior indicates that someone is pretending to engage in a large group activity?
What behavior indicates that someone is pretending to engage in a large group activity?
Which of the following was a result of Ringelmann's rope pulling experiment?
Which of the following was a result of Ringelmann's rope pulling experiment?
What was the average force exerted per person in a 7-member group during the experiment?
What was the average force exerted per person in a 7-member group during the experiment?
Which term describes the tendency of individuals to decrease their effort in a group setting due to others 'free-riding' on their efforts?
Which term describes the tendency of individuals to decrease their effort in a group setting due to others 'free-riding' on their efforts?
How did Ringelmann's findings impact agricultural productivity?
How did Ringelmann's findings impact agricultural productivity?
What was the maximum force recorded per person in a 14-member group during the experiment?
What was the maximum force recorded per person in a 14-member group during the experiment?
What is the primary behavior associated with social loafing?
What is the primary behavior associated with social loafing?
What did Ringelmann conclude about the relationship between group size and individual effort?
What did Ringelmann conclude about the relationship between group size and individual effort?
Who conducted the early study on social loafing known for the Rope Pulling Effect?
Who conducted the early study on social loafing known for the Rope Pulling Effect?
What is the significance of the dynamometer used in Ringelmann's experiments?
What is the significance of the dynamometer used in Ringelmann's experiments?
What impact can social loafing have on group performance?
What impact can social loafing have on group performance?
What is one reason individuals may engage in social loafing during group tasks?
What is one reason individuals may engage in social loafing during group tasks?
In what context is social loafing most commonly observed?
In what context is social loafing most commonly observed?
What phenomenon did Ringelmann observe in his study involving groups pulling on a rope?
What phenomenon did Ringelmann observe in his study involving groups pulling on a rope?
What phenomenon results from individuals believing their contributions are not critical to the group's success?
What phenomenon results from individuals believing their contributions are not critical to the group's success?
What factor contributes to the difficulty of identifying accountability in a group setting?
What factor contributes to the difficulty of identifying accountability in a group setting?
Which of the following is not a consequence of social loafing?
Which of the following is not a consequence of social loafing?
How does equitable contribution contribute to social loafing?
How does equitable contribution contribute to social loafing?
What is a likely outcome when team members perceive a well-defined goal?
What is a likely outcome when team members perceive a well-defined goal?
What commonly reported issue arises when social loafing occurs in a team?
What commonly reported issue arises when social loafing occurs in a team?
What happens to overall productivity when social loafing takes hold within a group?
What happens to overall productivity when social loafing takes hold within a group?
What does 'lessened contingency between input and outcome' mean in the context of social loafing?
What does 'lessened contingency between input and outcome' mean in the context of social loafing?
What results from increased dependency on a few individuals within a team?
What results from increased dependency on a few individuals within a team?
Which factor does NOT contribute to social loafing?
Which factor does NOT contribute to social loafing?
What is one cause of social loafing that leads to stagnation in performance and development?
What is one cause of social loafing that leads to stagnation in performance and development?
What effect does unequal distribution of compensation have on creativity and innovation within a group?
What effect does unequal distribution of compensation have on creativity and innovation within a group?
How does a lack of social cohesion in a group contribute to social loafing?
How does a lack of social cohesion in a group contribute to social loafing?
According to the Collective Effort Model (CEM), social loafing is influenced by which of the following factors?
According to the Collective Effort Model (CEM), social loafing is influenced by which of the following factors?
Based on the findings of Karau and Williams (1993), in which situation is social loafing most likely to occur?
Based on the findings of Karau and Williams (1993), in which situation is social loafing most likely to occur?
What is the major conclusion of the Social Impact Theory regarding social loafing?
What is the major conclusion of the Social Impact Theory regarding social loafing?
What type of tasks is social loafing more prevalent in, according to the meta-analytic review?
What type of tasks is social loafing more prevalent in, according to the meta-analytic review?
What psychological mechanism can result from feeling uninspired as a consequence of social loafing?
What psychological mechanism can result from feeling uninspired as a consequence of social loafing?
What is the predicted outcome of social impact theory when group size increases?
What is the predicted outcome of social impact theory when group size increases?
According to the Collective Effort Model (CEM), when is motivation at its strongest?
According to the Collective Effort Model (CEM), when is motivation at its strongest?
What role does self-attention play in social loafing as proposed by Mullen (1983)?
What role does self-attention play in social loafing as proposed by Mullen (1983)?
What does the term 'evaluation potential' in CEM refer to?
What does the term 'evaluation potential' in CEM refer to?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting motivation in group work according to CEM?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting motivation in group work according to CEM?
What impact does task meaningfulness have according to the content?
What impact does task meaningfulness have according to the content?
How does social influence change in a group as per social impact theory?
How does social influence change in a group as per social impact theory?
Which aspect does NOT contribute to a decline in motivation in group settings according to CEM?
Which aspect does NOT contribute to a decline in motivation in group settings according to CEM?
Flashcards
Social Loafing
Social Loafing
A phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group compared to working alone.
Reduced Accountability
Reduced Accountability
The feeling that individual responsibility is lessened when working in a team.
Social Loafing in Workplaces
Social Loafing in Workplaces
Individuals giving minimal effort in group tasks, decreasing overall productivity or quality of work.
Ringelmann Effect
Ringelmann Effect
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Max Ringelmann
Max Ringelmann
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Group Performance vs. Individual
Group Performance vs. Individual
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Shared Responsibility
Shared Responsibility
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Work Efficiency in Teams vs Alone
Work Efficiency in Teams vs Alone
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Ringelmann Rope Pulling experiment
Ringelmann Rope Pulling experiment
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Social Loafing in larger groups
Social Loafing in larger groups
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Individual Effort
Individual Effort
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Group Size
Group Size
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Sucker Effect
Sucker Effect
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Maximilien Ringelmann
Maximilien Ringelmann
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Coordination Loss
Coordination Loss
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Motivation Loss
Motivation Loss
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Social Compensation
Social Compensation
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Low Expectations of Coworkers
Low Expectations of Coworkers
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Social Loafing Example
Social Loafing Example
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Social Loafing in Voting
Social Loafing in Voting
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The "sucker"
The "sucker"
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Reduced Individual Accountability
Reduced Individual Accountability
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Equitable Contribution
Equitable Contribution
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Submaximal Goal Setting
Submaximal Goal Setting
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Lessened Contingency Input/Output
Lessened Contingency Input/Output
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Lack of Evaluation
Lack of Evaluation
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Increased Dependency
Increased Dependency
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Workload Distribution Complaints
Workload Distribution Complaints
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Unequal compensation
Unequal compensation
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Suppressed creativity
Suppressed creativity
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Non-cohesive group
Non-cohesive group
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Collective Effort Model (CEM)
Collective Effort Model (CEM)
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Social Impact Theory
Social Impact Theory
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Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis
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Individual evaluation
Individual evaluation
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What is social impact theory?
What is social impact theory?
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Social impact elements
Social impact elements
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Inverse power function
Inverse power function
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CEM: Motivation
CEM: Motivation
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CEM: Lower Expectations
CEM: Lower Expectations
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Self Attention
Self Attention
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Collective vs Coactive Performance
Collective vs Coactive Performance
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CEM Factors
CEM Factors
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Study Notes
Social Loafing
- Social loafing is when individuals exert less effort in a group compared to working alone, assuming others will compensate for their lack of participation.
- This often leads to reduced group performance or quality of work because individual contributions become harder to identify.
- Teamwork is essential in workplaces, but it can lead to social loafing when individuals contribute the bare minimum.
- Reduced accountability and shared responsibility contribute to this phenomenon.
Ringelmann's Rope Pulling Effect
- Max Ringelmann, a French agricultural engineer, first studied social loafing.
- His research involved rope pulling experiments to measure individual and group effort.
- As more people participated in the rope pulling, the individual force exerted decreased, and the resultant group force was less than what it should amount to if each person pulled with maximum capacity.
History of Social Loafing
- Ringelmann observed that animals in groups did not work as hard as individual animals.
- Ringelmann's initial experiments and hypothesis began the study of social loafing.
- His findings were published in 1913
- The phenomenon was later investigated in relation to workplace productivity and group dynamics.
Two Types of Social Loafing
- Free Rider Effect: Individual members exert less effort assuming others will do the work, leading to reduced overall productivity.
- Sucker Effect: Individuals perceive that other group members are not contributing, so they reduce their own effort to maintain perceived fairness.
Causes of Social Loafing
- Coordination Losses: Lack of simultaneity of effort among members.
- Motivation Losses: Trusting other members to complete the work.
- Expectations of Co-workers: Low expectations of co-workers' performance, may result in reduced individual effort to maintain a sense of equality
- Equitable Contribution: Believing others aren't contributing as much as they should, leading to less effort.
- Submaximal Goal Setting: Lowered expectations and perceived effort required.
- Lessened Contingency between Input and Outcome: Feeling their input doesn't make a significant difference.
- Lack of Evaluation: The absence of evaluation in group tasks.
- Unequal Distribution of Compensation: Unequal compensation among group members.
- Non-cohesive Group: A group lacking a sense of unity or cohesion among members.
Bystander Effect
- The bystander effect is when individuals fail to intervene in a situation requiring assistance, assuming that others will do so, hindering the overall help provided.
- Often this lack of intervention stems from the diffusion of responsibility; the more people present, the less personal responsibility each feels to act.
Collective Effort Model (CEM)
- Karau & Williams's meta-analysis examined factors influencing group motivation.
- The collective effort model (CEM) summarizes factors like individual expectations, task importance, co-worker performance, and task valuation.
- Motivation is strongest when individuals have high expectations and value the goal of the collective work.
Preventing Social Loafing
- Specific Task Definitions: Define clear responsibilities and expectations for each team member.
- Importance of Tasks: Highlight the importance of the task to the whole team.
- Establish Relationships: Encourage positive relationships among group members.
- Manage Discussions: Facilitate open communication and ensure every member feels valued.
- Individual Accountability: Establish individual accountability for tasks.
- Appropriate Group Size: Limit group size to prevent diffusion of responsibility.
- Highlight Accomplishment: Celebrate success in the group to maintain motivation
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of social loafing, where individuals exert less effort in a group setting. Learn about Max Ringelmann's research, including his rope pulling experiments, and their implications for teamwork and accountability. Understand how social loafing affects group performance.
