Understanding Shock

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following disease processes involves a genetically programmed process of cell death?

  • Simple Necrosis
  • Dry Gangrene
  • Apoptosis (correct)
  • Liquefaction Necrosis

A patient experiencing agitation, a rapid pulse, cool and clammy skin, and normal blood pressure is most likely exhibiting signs of what stage of shock?

  • Obstructive Shock
  • Irreversible Shock
  • Decompensated Shock
  • Compensated Shock (correct)

Which of the following best illustrates the body's compensatory mechanisms in response to hypoperfusion?

  • Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and release of antidiuretic hormone. (correct)
  • Fluid shifts from the vascular component into interstitial tissues to reduce preload.
  • Decreased heart rate and vasodilation to reduce myocardial oxygen demand.
  • Increased blood pressure and decreased respiratory rate to maintain oxygen saturation.

Which mechanism primarily leads to the development of systemic and pulmonary edema during continued hypoperfusion?

<p>Fluid leakage from blood vessels due to impaired cell metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with hypotension, labored breathing, absent peripheral pulses, and ashen skin. Which stage of shock is the patient most likely experiencing?

<p>Decompensated Shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms characterizes distributive shock?

<p>Widespread vasodilation leading to decreased peripheral resistance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves widespread infection and often leads to distributive shock?

<p>Septic Shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to exogenous hypovolemic shock?

<p>A deep laceration causing profuse external bleeding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most immediate consequence of impaired cellular metabolism during shock?

<p>Shift to anaerobic metabolism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in the immune response?

<p>Inducing bacterial lysis through the formation of pores in the cell membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetic Diseases

Diseases influenced by genetic factors, such as chromosomal disorders or gene mutations.

Nutritional Imbalances

Nutritional excesses, deficiencies, or imbalances that impair health and cellular function.

Apoptosis

A normal, genetically programmed process of cell death essential for development and tissue homeostasis.

Necrosis

A type of cell death resulting in tissue death, characterized by morphologic changes.

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Hypoperfusion

Occurs when tissue perfusion falls below normal levels, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery.

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Compensatory mechanisms in shock

Vasoconstriction, salt/water retention, and increased cardiac contraction.

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Shock

An abnormal state of inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the body's cells.

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Cardiogenic Shock

Heart cannot circulate enough blood to maintain peripheral oxygen delivery.

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Hypovolemic Shock

Insufficient circulating blood volume.

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MODS

Progressive condition characterized by concurrent failure of two or more organs.

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Study Notes

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