Stages of Shock

During the compensatory stage of shock, which physiological response is least likely to occur as the body attempts to maintain homeostasis?

In the progressive stage of shock, a patient's condition deteriorates, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Which of the following pathophysiological changes is least likely to contribute directly to MODS during this stage?

In the treatment of shock, prioritizing interventions is critical. Considering the stages of shock, which intervention requires the most immediate attention, regardless of the specific type of shock present?

A patient in hypovolemic shock exhibits cool, clammy skin, decreased urine output, and altered mental status. Which additional assessment finding would provide the strongest support for the diagnosis of hypovolemic shock over other forms of shock?

A patient with known heart failure is admitted with symptoms of cardiogenic shock. The physician orders a pulmonary artery catheter to assess hemodynamic parameters. Which set of findings would most strongly suggest cardiogenic shock rather than hypovolemic shock?

What is the rationale for administering fluids cautiously to patients in cardiogenic shock?

A patient is suspected of having obstructive shock. Which assessment finding would be most indicative of this type of shock, differentiating it from cardiogenic or hypovolemic shock?

A patient in the emergency department exhibits hypotension, bradycardia, and warm, dry skin. Which intervention would be most appropriate to address the underlying cause of this patient's shock?

A patient experiencing anaphylactic shock is prescribed intramuscular epinephrine. What is the rationale for administering epinephrine via the intramuscular route rather than the intravenous route in this emergency situation?

A patient with septic shock has persistent hypotension despite aggressive fluid resuscitation. Which additional intervention should the nurse anticipate to improve the patient's blood pressure and tissue perfusion?

Which of the following assessment findings is the least indicative of sepsis, requiring immediate intervention?

A patient is diagnosed with severe sepsis. Which of the following clinical manifestations indicates the onset of end-organ damage, requiring immediate and aggressive intervention?

Which statement best explains the relationship between SIRS, sepsis, and septic shock?

A patient with MODS is exhibiting signs of liver dysfunction. Which lab finding would provide the strongest evidence for this?

What is the primary reason for the maldistribution of blood flow in MODS?

During the management of a patient with atelectasis, which intervention is most effective in preventing further alveolar collapse?

An unresponsive patient is at high risk for aspiration. Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent aspiration in this patient?

A patient with acute respiratory failure requires mechanical ventilation. The physician orders the initial ventilator settings. Which setting is most critical to monitor for the development of barotrauma?

A patient with ARDS is placed on mechanical ventilation. The nurse notices that the patient is increasingly restless and appears to be fighting the ventilator. Which initial intervention is most appropriate?

Which ABG result indicates a need for intubation and mechanical ventilation?

A patient with ARDS develops worsening hypoxemia despite increasing FiO2 and PEEP. What intervention is most likely to improve oxygenation in this patient?

Which of the following is the most life-threatening consequence of flail chest?

A patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and anxiety following a long-distance flight. Which is the most immediate intervention?

A patient is admitted to the burn unit with full thickness burns over 40% of their body. During the emergent/resuscitative phase, which finding requires the most immediate intervention by the nurse?

A patient with a severe burn injury is receiving intravenous fluids for resuscitation. Which assessment finding indicates the MOST effective fluid resuscitation?

A patient is being resuscitated after a severe burn injury in the emergent phase. Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most likely to observe and what is the cause?

The P/F ratio is calculated for a patient with ARDS. The PaO2 is 60 mm Hg, and the FiO2 is 60%. What does this indicate?

Which intervention for a patient with ARDS would most likely require neuromuscular blockade?

When assessing a patient with neurogenic shock, which finding differentiate it from other forms of shock?

A patient experiencing anaphylaxis eats almonds, to which they are allergic. The patient is wheezing, has facial edema, and is hypotensive. What medication should you prepare to administer?

Which of the following is a late sign of septic shock that requires aggressive intervention?

Which is the first stage shock in which there are no obvious clinical signs?

In the shock cascade, which of the following is likely to be the earliest sign in SIRS?

A patient with hypovolemic shock requires fluid and electrolyte administration. The patient is complaining of shortness of breath and has an elevated respiratory rate. What intervention should the nurse prioritize?

Which of the following situations may lead to hypovolemic shock?

Patients being treated for pneumonia may also experience ARDS. Which of the following values are important to monitor for an ARDS diagnosis?

Which of the following should be avoided during treatment for rib fractures?

During the refractory stage of shock, the body's response to interventions diminishes, leading to irreversible organ damage. Which statement best explains the primary reason for this lack of responsiveness?

A patient in the progressive stage of shock exhibits a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 55 mm Hg, a heart rate of 140 bpm, and a serum lactate level of 4.0 mmol/L. The patient's spouse expresses concern about the patient's mottled skin and decreased level of consciousness. Which nursing intervention is most crucial to prevent the patient's condition from deteriorating further?

A patient with a history of anaphylaxis presents to the emergency department after being stung by a bee. The patient is wheezing, hypotensive, and has facial swelling. After administering epinephrine, which assessment finding would indicate the most effective response to this initial intervention?

A patient with septic shock develops new onset atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. The patient is hypotensive despite fluid resuscitation and vasopressor support. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to address both the arrhythmia and hypotension?

A patient with ARDS is receiving mechanical ventilation with high levels of PEEP. The nurse observes a sudden decrease in blood pressure, increased heart rate, and decreased oxygen saturation. Breath sounds are diminished on the left side of the chest. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s deterioration?