Understanding Sexual Dysfunction

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of women report some degree of sexual dysfunction?

  • 52%
  • 31%
  • 43% (correct)
  • 27%

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does sexual dysfunction occur?

  • Orgasm phase only
  • Excitement phase only
  • Plateau phase only
  • It can occur during any phase (correct)

Which of the following is NOT one of the four traditional phases of the sexual response cycle?

  • Excitement
  • Climax
  • Plateau
  • Desire (correct)

Which group is more likely to experience sexual dysfunction?

<p>People over 40 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the categories that sexual dysfunction is generally classified into?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about discussing sexual dysfunction?

<p>You should share your concerns with your partner and healthcare provider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the psychological causes of sexual dysfunction mentioned in the text?

<p>Work-related stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is mentioned as potentially causing sexual dysfunction?

<p>Antidepressants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible treatment strategy for erectile dysfunction in men mentioned in the text?

<p>Hormone shots or creams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which FDA-approved medications are mentioned for treating low desire in premenopausal women?

<p>Flibanserin (Addyi®) and bremelanotide (Vyleesi®) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of aids may help men with erectile dysfunction?

<p>Vacuum devices and penile implants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a very limited role in the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction according to the text?

<p>Lab testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapist can help people experiencing sexual problems that can't be addressed by their primary clinician?

<p>Sex therapist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible behavioral treatment mentioned for addressing sexual dysfunction issues?

<p>'Insights into harmful behaviors in the relationship' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy can help address sexual trauma from the past according to the text?

<p>Psychotherapy with a trained counselor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can education and communication help to overcome barriers to a healthy sex life?

<p>'Education about sex and sexual behaviors' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a paraphilia?

<p>A recurring or intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, places, situations, fantasies, behaviors, or individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the term 'paraphilia'?

<p>It is derived from the Greek words 'para' (other) and 'philia' (loving) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with popularizing the term 'paraphilia' as a non-pejorative designation?

<p>John Money (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the term 'paraphilia' first included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

<p>1980 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the exact number and taxonomy of paraphilias under debate?

<p>The exact number and taxonomy of paraphilias is under debate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are paraphilias contrasted in the text?

<p>They are contrasted with normophilic (&quot;normal&quot;) sexual interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term was introduced in the DSM-III to describe sexual preference directed toward objects other than people of the opposite sex?

<p>Paraphilias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which DSM edition was homosexuality removed from the general standard definition of sexual deviation?

<p>DSM-III (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criterion differentiates exhibitionism, frotteurism, and pedophilia from other paraphilias in DSM-IV-TR?

<p>Acting on urges with a nonconsenting person (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders according to the DSM-5?

<p>Need for psychiatric treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which edition of the DSM introduced the distinction between paraphilias and 'paraphilic disorders'?

<p>DSM-5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which paraphilic disorder involves sexual arousal related to suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner?

<p>Sadism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DSM-IV-TR, what is the main criterion to diagnose a paraphilia as a psychiatric disorder?

<p>'Cause clinically significant distress' (Criterion B) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best characterizes the DSM-V's view on paraphilias?

<p>'Paraphilias are distinct from paraphilic disorders.' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was changed in the terms used for paraphilias between DSM-III and DSM-III-R?

<p>Changed transvestism to transvestic fetishism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change did DSM-IV make regarding paraphilias compared to DSM-III-R?

<p>Retained the same types listed in DSM-III-R (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapy for individuals with paraphilic disorders?

<p>To reduce discomfort with paraphilia and prevent harmful behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pharmacological treatment for severe paraphilic disorders?

<p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way in which antiandrogens are proposed to work in treating extreme paraphilic disorders?

<p>By reducing androgen levels and lowering sex drive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the use of surgical castration in treating paraphilic disorders?

<p>It is less effective than pharmacological alternatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of SSRIs in treating paraphilic disorders?

<p>They reduce sexual arousal, compulsivity, and depressive symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical organization recommends hormonal treatments only in cases of serious risk of sexual violence or when other methods have failed?

<p>World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do pharmacological treatments play in changing the content of paraphilia?

<p>They do not change the content but help control behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which subcategory were disorders associated with sexual orientation placed in the ICD-11 (2022)?

<p>&quot;Psychological and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientation&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Ego-dystonic sexual orientation' was included in which category in the ICD-11?

<p>&quot;Psychological and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientation&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Paraphilia' in the ICD-11 (2022) has been replaced with which term?

<p>&quot;Paraphilic disorder&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of men reported at least one paraphilic interest in a study?

<p>62% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which paraphilia was reported in 52% of men in a sample of college students?

<p>Voyeurism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which paraphilia is rarely observed in women?

<p>Paraphilias in general (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which paraphilia is reported to be the most commonly observed in women?

<p>Sexual masochism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these ancient sources does the text suggest described voyeurism and exhibitionism?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Greek mythology mentioned in the text, which god seduced Leda in the form of a swan?

<p>Zeus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act did Zeus, in the form of an eagle, commit according to the Greek mythology mentioned?

<p>Both a and b (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic manual first included sexual deviation as a personality disorder?

<p>DSM-I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which DSM edition were paraphilias no longer ascribed under personality disorders?

<p>DSM-II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT listed as a type of sexual deviation in the DSM-II?

<p>Necrophilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were paraphilias historically considered to stem from?

<p>An original polymorphous perversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the American Psychiatric Association do regarding homosexuality in 1973?

<p>Removed it from the DSM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the research cited, how do paraphilias and homosexuality differ?

<p>They have different sex ratios and cognitive profiles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do paraphilias typically arise, according to the text?

<p>Late adolescence or early adulthood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do people with paraphilias generally view their interests?

<p>As something inherent in their being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the exclusivity of paraphilic interests?

<p>Paraphilic interests are rarely exclusive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may people with paraphilias do to increase access to their sexual fantasies?

<p>Seek employment or hobbies related to their paraphilic interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about the relationship between paraphilias and number of sexual partners?

<p>Paraphilias are associated with more lifetime sexual partners (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 2008 study analyzing sexual fantasies suggest about the potential causes of paraphilias?

<p>Paraphilias may be related to prenatal neurodevelopmental factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do behavioral explanations propose about the development of paraphilias?

<p>Paraphilias are conditioned early in life through pairing with sexual arousal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'paraphilia' refer to?

<p>Recurrent, intense sexual fantasies or behaviors involving atypical objects or activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the definition of paraphilia is true?

<p>The diagnosis and classification of paraphilias is complicated by cultural differences in sexual norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the inclusion of paraphilias in diagnostic manuals like the DSM?

<p>There is ongoing scientific and political controversy regarding their inclusion due to stigma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the term used to refer to paraphilias before the introduction of the term in the DSM-III (1980)?

<p>Sexual deviation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the origins of the term 'paraphilia' is true?

<p>It was first used by John Money in his research on sexual development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a paraphilic disorder?

<p>Consensual sexual roleplay between adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Albert Eulenburg note about the commonality across paraphilias?

<p>They are all rooted in physiological erotism and sexual expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did some groups lobby for regarding the classification of paraphilias?

<p>Changes to the legal and medical status of unusual sexual interests and practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about homosexuality and its historical classification is true, according to the text?

<p>Homosexuality was once discussed as a sexual deviation but is now widely accepted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Ray Blanchard suggest regarding the definition of paraphilia in the DSM?

<p>Defining it by exclusion, as anything that is not normophilic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main change proposed for the DSM-5 regarding paraphilias?

<p>Adding the word 'Disorder' to paraphilia categories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Alice Dreger's interpretation, what does the proposed change in the DSM-5 suggest about sexual kinks?

<p>They are considered basically okay unless causing distress or harm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a specific paraphilic disorder in the DSM-5?

<p>Necrophilic disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Charles Allen Moser, what is his view on the proposed change in the DSM-5?

<p>It is not really a substantive change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Andrew Clinton Hinderliter's argument, what issue does including some sexual interests in the DSM create?

<p>It creates a fundamental asymmetry and communicates a negative value judgment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which ICD edition were paraphilias first categorized under 'sexual preference disorders'?

<p>ICD-10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT listed as a 'sexual deviation' in the ICD-8?

<p>Necrophilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which ICD edition was the category of 'sexual deviations and disorders' first expanded to include transsexualism and sexual dysfunctions?

<p>ICD-9 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Ray Blanchard, what was the aim of the proposed changes in the DSM-5?

<p>To depathologize mild and harmless paraphilias while recognizing severe ones as disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT listed as a specific paraphilic disorder in the DSM-5?

<p>Zoophilic disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of depressive disorder?

<p>Lack of interest in daily activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contributing factor to the development of depression according to the text?

<p>Severe losses and stressful events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults older than 60 years experience depression?

<p>6% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global population is estimated to experience depression?

<p>3.8% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common barrier to effective care for mental disorders according to the text?

<p>Availability of trained health-care providers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom experienced during a depressive episode?

<p>Feeling sad and irritable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long must symptoms last to be considered a depressive episode?

<p>At least two weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences depression according to the text?

<p>A complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the treatment of mild depression?

<p>Does not typically require antidepressant medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of self-care in managing symptoms of depression?

<p>Playing an active role in managing one's symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is more likely to develop depression according to the text?

<p>People who have experienced traumatic events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first line of treatment for adolescents with depression?

<p>Psychological treatments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can play an important role in preventing depression according to the text?

<p>School-based programmes for children and adolescents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can older persons potentially prevent depression according to the text?

<p>Participating in exercise programmes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of WHO's Mental Health action plan 2013–2030?

<p>The steps required for appropriate interventions for people with mental disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of learning disorders in children?

<p>Difficulty adding numbers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do children with nonverbal learning disorders typically excel in?

<p>Understanding complex visual information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign that a child might have a learning disorder?

<p>Symptoms lasting for at least six months and not improving (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of professionals is involved in evaluating a child for a learning disorder?

<p>Team of professionals including educators and psychologists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conditions might a child's health care provider test for related to learning disorders?

<p>Mental health conditions like anxiety and depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of early treatment for learning disorders?

<p>To prevent the problem from worsening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can parents help a child with a learning disorder outside of school?

<p>Encouraging the pursuit of interests that boost confidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might some children do to distract from their challenges at school?

<p>'Act out' to shift attention away from difficulties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be requested if a child is suspected of having trouble with learning?

<p>'Check for a learning disorder' by the school or private evaluation outside school system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which professional may also conduct tests for mental health conditions related to learning disorders?

<p>Child psychiatrist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dyslexia?

<p>A learning disorder that affects reading skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue faced by children with learning disorders?

<p>Their self-esteem and motivation to succeed often decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core difficulty in reading disorders?

<p>Trouble understanding spoken words as distinct sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in reading disorders?

<p>Difficulty with visual processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the gap between expected skills and actual performance in learning disorders?

<p>It indicates the presence of a learning disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for parents to know the symptoms of learning disorders?

<p>So they can start treatment as soon as possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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