113 Questions
What percentage of women report some degree of sexual dysfunction?
43%
During which phase of the sexual response cycle does sexual dysfunction occur?
It can occur during any phase
Which of the following is NOT one of the four traditional phases of the sexual response cycle?
Desire
Which group is more likely to experience sexual dysfunction?
People over 40 years old
What is one of the categories that sexual dysfunction is generally classified into?
All of the above
What does the text suggest about discussing sexual dysfunction?
You should share your concerns with your partner and healthcare provider
What is one of the psychological causes of sexual dysfunction mentioned in the text?
Work-related stress
Which type of medication is mentioned as potentially causing sexual dysfunction?
Antidepressants
What is a possible treatment strategy for erectile dysfunction in men mentioned in the text?
Hormone shots or creams
Which FDA-approved medications are mentioned for treating low desire in premenopausal women?
Flibanserin (Addyi®) and bremelanotide (Vyleesi®)
What type of aids may help men with erectile dysfunction?
Vacuum devices and penile implants
Which factor plays a very limited role in the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction according to the text?
Lab testing
What type of therapist can help people experiencing sexual problems that can't be addressed by their primary clinician?
Sex therapist
What is a possible behavioral treatment mentioned for addressing sexual dysfunction issues?
'Insights into harmful behaviors in the relationship'
Which type of therapy can help address sexual trauma from the past according to the text?
Psychotherapy with a trained counselor
In what way can education and communication help to overcome barriers to a healthy sex life?
'Education about sex and sexual behaviors'
What is the definition of a paraphilia?
A recurring or intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, places, situations, fantasies, behaviors, or individuals
What is the origin of the term 'paraphilia'?
It is derived from the Greek words 'para' (other) and 'philia' (loving)
Who is credited with popularizing the term 'paraphilia' as a non-pejorative designation?
John Money
In what year was the term 'paraphilia' first included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?
1980
What is the exact number and taxonomy of paraphilias under debate?
The exact number and taxonomy of paraphilias is under debate
How are paraphilias contrasted in the text?
They are contrasted with normophilic ("normal") sexual interests
What term was introduced in the DSM-III to describe sexual preference directed toward objects other than people of the opposite sex?
Paraphilias
In which DSM edition was homosexuality removed from the general standard definition of sexual deviation?
DSM-III
What criterion differentiates exhibitionism, frotteurism, and pedophilia from other paraphilias in DSM-IV-TR?
Acting on urges with a nonconsenting person
What is the key difference between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders according to the DSM-5?
Need for psychiatric treatment
Which edition of the DSM introduced the distinction between paraphilias and 'paraphilic disorders'?
DSM-5
Which paraphilic disorder involves sexual arousal related to suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner?
Sadism
In DSM-IV-TR, what is the main criterion to diagnose a paraphilia as a psychiatric disorder?
'Cause clinically significant distress' (Criterion B)
Which of these statements best characterizes the DSM-V's view on paraphilias?
'Paraphilias are distinct from paraphilic disorders.'
What was changed in the terms used for paraphilias between DSM-III and DSM-III-R?
Changed transvestism to transvestic fetishism
What change did DSM-IV make regarding paraphilias compared to DSM-III-R?
Retained the same types listed in DSM-III-R
What is the primary goal of therapy for individuals with paraphilic disorders?
To reduce discomfort with paraphilia and prevent harmful behavior
Which of the following is a pharmacological treatment for severe paraphilic disorders?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
What is the main way in which antiandrogens are proposed to work in treating extreme paraphilic disorders?
By reducing androgen levels and lowering sex drive
Which statement accurately describes the use of surgical castration in treating paraphilic disorders?
It is less effective than pharmacological alternatives
What is the significance of SSRIs in treating paraphilic disorders?
They reduce sexual arousal, compulsivity, and depressive symptoms
Which medical organization recommends hormonal treatments only in cases of serious risk of sexual violence or when other methods have failed?
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
What role do pharmacological treatments play in changing the content of paraphilia?
They do not change the content but help control behavior
In which subcategory were disorders associated with sexual orientation placed in the ICD-11 (2022)?
"Psychological and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientation"
'Ego-dystonic sexual orientation' was included in which category in the ICD-11?
"Psychological and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientation"
'Paraphilia' in the ICD-11 (2022) has been replaced with which term?
"Paraphilic disorder"
What percentage of men reported at least one paraphilic interest in a study?
62%
Which paraphilia was reported in 52% of men in a sample of college students?
Voyeurism
Which paraphilia is rarely observed in women?
Paraphilias in general
Which paraphilia is reported to be the most commonly observed in women?
Sexual masochism
Which of these ancient sources does the text suggest described voyeurism and exhibitionism?
All of the above
According to Greek mythology mentioned in the text, which god seduced Leda in the form of a swan?
Zeus
Which act did Zeus, in the form of an eagle, commit according to the Greek mythology mentioned?
Both a and b
Which diagnostic manual first included sexual deviation as a personality disorder?
DSM-I
In which DSM edition were paraphilias no longer ascribed under personality disorders?
DSM-II
Which of the following was NOT listed as a type of sexual deviation in the DSM-II?
Necrophilia
What were paraphilias historically considered to stem from?
An original polymorphous perversity
What did the American Psychiatric Association do regarding homosexuality in 1973?
Removed it from the DSM
According to the research cited, how do paraphilias and homosexuality differ?
They have different sex ratios and cognitive profiles
When do paraphilias typically arise, according to the text?
Late adolescence or early adulthood
How do people with paraphilias generally view their interests?
As something inherent in their being
What does the text suggest about the exclusivity of paraphilic interests?
Paraphilic interests are rarely exclusive
What may people with paraphilias do to increase access to their sexual fantasies?
Seek employment or hobbies related to their paraphilic interests
What does research suggest about the relationship between paraphilias and number of sexual partners?
Paraphilias are associated with more lifetime sexual partners
What does the 2008 study analyzing sexual fantasies suggest about the potential causes of paraphilias?
Paraphilias may be related to prenatal neurodevelopmental factors
What do behavioral explanations propose about the development of paraphilias?
Paraphilias are conditioned early in life through pairing with sexual arousal
What does the term 'paraphilia' refer to?
Recurrent, intense sexual fantasies or behaviors involving atypical objects or activities
Which of the following statements about the definition of paraphilia is true?
The diagnosis and classification of paraphilias is complicated by cultural differences in sexual norms
What does the text suggest about the inclusion of paraphilias in diagnostic manuals like the DSM?
There is ongoing scientific and political controversy regarding their inclusion due to stigma
What was the term used to refer to paraphilias before the introduction of the term in the DSM-III (1980)?
Sexual deviation
Which of the following statements about the origins of the term 'paraphilia' is true?
It was first used by John Money in his research on sexual development
Which of the following is NOT considered a paraphilic disorder?
Consensual sexual roleplay between adults
What did Albert Eulenburg note about the commonality across paraphilias?
They are all rooted in physiological erotism and sexual expression
What did some groups lobby for regarding the classification of paraphilias?
Changes to the legal and medical status of unusual sexual interests and practices
Which statement about homosexuality and its historical classification is true, according to the text?
Homosexuality was once discussed as a sexual deviation but is now widely accepted
What did Ray Blanchard suggest regarding the definition of paraphilia in the DSM?
Defining it by exclusion, as anything that is not normophilic
What is the main change proposed for the DSM-5 regarding paraphilias?
Adding the word 'Disorder' to paraphilia categories
According to Alice Dreger's interpretation, what does the proposed change in the DSM-5 suggest about sexual kinks?
They are considered basically okay unless causing distress or harm
Which of the following is NOT listed as a specific paraphilic disorder in the DSM-5?
Necrophilic disorder
According to Charles Allen Moser, what is his view on the proposed change in the DSM-5?
It is not really a substantive change
According to Andrew Clinton Hinderliter's argument, what issue does including some sexual interests in the DSM create?
It creates a fundamental asymmetry and communicates a negative value judgment
In which ICD edition were paraphilias first categorized under 'sexual preference disorders'?
ICD-10
Which of the following was NOT listed as a 'sexual deviation' in the ICD-8?
Necrophilia
In which ICD edition was the category of 'sexual deviations and disorders' first expanded to include transsexualism and sexual dysfunctions?
ICD-9
According to Ray Blanchard, what was the aim of the proposed changes in the DSM-5?
To depathologize mild and harmless paraphilias while recognizing severe ones as disorders
Which of the following was NOT listed as a specific paraphilic disorder in the DSM-5?
Zoophilic disorder
What is a common symptom of depressive disorder?
Lack of interest in daily activities
What is a contributing factor to the development of depression according to the text?
Severe losses and stressful events
What percentage of adults older than 60 years experience depression?
6%
What percentage of the global population is estimated to experience depression?
3.8%
What is a common barrier to effective care for mental disorders according to the text?
Availability of trained health-care providers
Which of the following is a common symptom experienced during a depressive episode?
Feeling sad and irritable
How long must symptoms last to be considered a depressive episode?
At least two weeks
What influences depression according to the text?
A complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors
Which statement is true about the treatment of mild depression?
Does not typically require antidepressant medications
What is a key aspect of self-care in managing symptoms of depression?
Playing an active role in managing one's symptoms
Which group is more likely to develop depression according to the text?
People who have experienced traumatic events
What should be the first line of treatment for adolescents with depression?
Psychological treatments
What can play an important role in preventing depression according to the text?
School-based programmes for children and adolescents
How can older persons potentially prevent depression according to the text?
Participating in exercise programmes
What is the primary focus of WHO's Mental Health action plan 2013–2030?
The steps required for appropriate interventions for people with mental disorders
What is a common symptom of learning disorders in children?
Difficulty adding numbers
How do children with nonverbal learning disorders typically excel in?
Understanding complex visual information
What is a common sign that a child might have a learning disorder?
Symptoms lasting for at least six months and not improving
Which group of professionals is involved in evaluating a child for a learning disorder?
Team of professionals including educators and psychologists
What type of conditions might a child's health care provider test for related to learning disorders?
Mental health conditions like anxiety and depression
What is the importance of early treatment for learning disorders?
To prevent the problem from worsening
How can parents help a child with a learning disorder outside of school?
Encouraging the pursuit of interests that boost confidence
What might some children do to distract from their challenges at school?
'Act out' to shift attention away from difficulties
What can be requested if a child is suspected of having trouble with learning?
'Check for a learning disorder' by the school or private evaluation outside school system
Which professional may also conduct tests for mental health conditions related to learning disorders?
Child psychiatrist
What is dyslexia?
A learning disorder that affects reading skills
What is a common issue faced by children with learning disorders?
Their self-esteem and motivation to succeed often decreases
What is a core difficulty in reading disorders?
Trouble understanding spoken words as distinct sounds
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in reading disorders?
Difficulty with visual processing
What is the significance of the gap between expected skills and actual performance in learning disorders?
It indicates the presence of a learning disorder
Why is it important for parents to know the symptoms of learning disorders?
So they can start treatment as soon as possible
Learn about sexual dysfunction, a condition that can hinder satisfaction from sexual activity. Explore statistics, phases of the sexual response cycle, and common issues faced by both men and women.
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