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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of good research?
What is a key characteristic of good research?
Which of the following describes the method of deduction in research?
Which of the following describes the method of deduction in research?
Which aspect is NOT typically associated with academic research?
Which aspect is NOT typically associated with academic research?
What is one of the benefits of conducting research?
What is one of the benefits of conducting research?
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Which of the following statements aligns with the principles of good research?
Which of the following statements aligns with the principles of good research?
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What is the first step in the scientific method?
What is the first step in the scientific method?
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In what way does the inductive method operate?
In what way does the inductive method operate?
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Which of the following statements regarding hypotheses is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding hypotheses is correct?
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What is the purpose of the prediction step in the scientific method?
What is the purpose of the prediction step in the scientific method?
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How is the inductive-deductive method significant in scientific research?
How is the inductive-deductive method significant in scientific research?
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Study Notes
What is Research?
- In general, research is a systematic search for answers to questions, solutions to problems, or gathering information for projects or works.
- In academic fields, it involves defining and redefining problems, observing and interpreting facts, formulating and testing hypotheses through experiments, revising existing theories, and applying generated information practically.
- Characteristics of good research include:
- Building upon the work of others
- Blending logic and imagination
- Identifying and avoiding bias
- Ensuring repeatability
- Generalizability to other settings
- Being systematic
- Generating new questions
- Remaining apolitical
Inductive and Deductive Methods of Reasoning in Research
- Deductive reasoning is a systematic approach that reasons from a general assumption to a specific application.
- The major premise in deductive reasoning is based on a theory, rule, law, principle, or general understanding.
- Deductive reasoning was highly successful in mathematics.
- Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, is a bottom-up approach that starts with specific observations.
- It involves detecting patterns and regularities, formulating tentative hypotheses, developing general conclusions, and potentially forming a theory or law based on the strength of evidence.
- Inductive reasoning can be unreliable when sample sizes are small.
- Science often combines both inductive and deductive reasoning. A researcher proposes a hypothesis through induction and then tries to deduce the probability of its falsehood through empirical evidence, using the inductive-deductive method.
The Scientific Method in Research
- The scientific method is a systematic process that comprises several key steps:
- Make observations or gather information: This can be acquired from books, journals, the internet, discussions with experts, or preliminary observations.
- Develop a hypothesis: A hypothesis is a possible explanation for the phenomenon under study. It should be falsifiable (meaning it can be proven false) and contain the least possible number of unproven assumptions.
- Predict results: This step formally tests the hypothesis by predicting what will happen if it is true.
- Design an experiment to falsify the hypothesis: This step involves designing an experiment that specifically tests the hypothesis.
- Conduct the experiment and collect data: Typically, two groups are used: a control group and an experimental group.
- Evaluate and conclude: Analyze the data, summarize the results, arrive at conclusions, and ensure consistency with observations, data, and the original hypothesis.
- Accept, modify, or reject the hypothesis: If the data supports the hypothesis, accept it. If it doesn't, reject it. If the data partially supports the hypothesis, modify it and repeat the process with new experiments.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of research, including its definitions, characteristics, and the methodologies involved. It covers both inductive and deductive reasoning, highlighting their roles in academic inquiry. Test your knowledge on what constitutes good research and the reasoning processes used in various studies.
