22 Questions
At what age does OCD more commonly begin in females?
In the 20s
What is the overall distribution between the sexes for OCD onset?
Equal between males and females
What is typical onset age for OCD?
Late adolescence
Which gender is more likely to be affected by early-onset OCD?
Males
What is the average age for early-onset OCD?
11
Which group with OCD is more likely to have a family history of OCD?
Early-onset OCD
What are obsessions defined by in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for OCD?
Recurrent and persistent thoughts causing distress
What do individuals with OCD typically do in response to obsessions, according to the DSM-5 criteria?
Ignore or suppress them
How are compulsions defined in the DSM-5 criteria for OCD?
Recurrent and persistent actions in response to obsessions
What do individuals with OCD typically attempt to do with their compulsions, according to the DSM-5 criteria?
Neutralize them with some other action
What are the key factors contributing to the etiology of OCD?
Cognitive models, genetic heritability, and environmental influences
What is a common treatment for OCD across different countries?
SSRIs
What is the primary focus of behavioral therapy for OCD?
Exposure and response prevention
What contributes to the consistency of OCD across cultures?
Diagnosis
What may highly religious individuals with OCD experience?
Heightened guilt and responsibility for controlling unwanted thoughts
What do population-based studies confirm about OCD?
Substantial heritability
What is a key factor described in the cognitive model of OCD?
Perfectionism
What might some cultures attribute OCD to?
Supernatural causes
What is the focus of exposure and response prevention in OCD therapy?
Confronting avoided situations and stimuli
What is the main criterion for OCD diagnosis?
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts driven by obsession or rigid rules
What may ethnic differences influence in OCD?
The types of OCD symptoms and beliefs experienced
What additional techniques can help manage anxiety in OCD therapy?
Deep breathing and relaxation
Study Notes
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Etiology, Cultural Considerations, and Treatment
- OCD involves repetitive behaviors or mental acts driven by obsession or rigid rules, causing distress or impairment in daily functioning
- Symptoms are not caused by substance effects or other mental disorders, such as hoarding or eating disorders
- Etiology of OCD involves cognitive models, genetic heritability, and environmental influences
- Cognitive model describes thinking patterns, perfectionism, and inflated personal responsibility as factors contributing to OCD
- Population-based studies confirm substantial heritability in OCD, suggesting genetic risk
- OCD is consistent across cultures in terms of diagnosis, but symptom expression and beliefs may vary
- Highly religious individuals may experience heightened guilt and responsibility for controlling unwanted thoughts
- Some cultures may attribute OCD to supernatural causes and seek help from faith healers
- Ethnic differences may influence the types of OCD symptoms and beliefs experienced
- Pharmacologic treatment for OCD varies across countries, with SSRIs being the most prevalent
- Behavioral therapy for OCD includes exposure and response prevention to confront avoided situations and stimuli
- Additional techniques such as deep breathing and relaxation can help manage anxiety in OCD therapy
Test your knowledge of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with this quiz on its etiology, cultural considerations, and treatment. Explore the cognitive models, genetic heritability, and environmental influences of OCD, as well as the cultural variations in symptom expression and beliefs. Gain insights into the pharmacologic and behavioral therapies used to manage OCD symptoms.
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