Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
What characterizes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
- Recurrent episodes of depression
- Obsessions and/or compulsions (correct)
- Chronic fatigue and lack of motivation
- Persistent delusions and hallucinations
- Excessive need for social interaction
Which term describes uncontrollable, persistent thoughts that intrude upon an individual's consciousness and cause significant anxiety or distress?
Which term describes uncontrollable, persistent thoughts that intrude upon an individual's consciousness and cause significant anxiety or distress?
- Phobias
- Fixations
- Obsessions (correct)
- Compulsions
- Rituals
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for OCD?
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for OCD?
- The individual must have delusional beliefs
- The disorder must be associated with substance abuse
- Compulsions must not aim at reducing anxiety
- Symptoms must cause marked distress or interfere with functioning (correct)
- Obsessions must be linked to real-life problems
What is the average age of onset for OCD, as mentioned in the chapter?
What is the average age of onset for OCD, as mentioned in the chapter?
Which cognitive technique involves the client participating in planned activities to test the accuracy of their beliefs?
Which cognitive technique involves the client participating in planned activities to test the accuracy of their beliefs?
Which of the following statements about hoarding disorder is true?
Which of the following statements about hoarding disorder is true?
Which of the following is NOT a common presentation of OCD?
Which of the following is NOT a common presentation of OCD?
Which treatment approach has received the strongest support for OCD?
Which treatment approach has received the strongest support for OCD?
What percentage of OCD patients have been found to engage in compulsive washing?
What percentage of OCD patients have been found to engage in compulsive washing?
Which of the following is NOT true about the neuropsychological model of OCD?
Which of the following is NOT true about the neuropsychological model of OCD?
Which of the following conditions is categorized under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in the DSM-5?
Which of the following conditions is categorized under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in the DSM-5?
What is the focus of the Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) program for OCD?
What is the focus of the Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) program for OCD?
Which of the following best describes body dysmorphic disorder?
Which of the following best describes body dysmorphic disorder?
What is the estimated point prevalence of excoriation (skin-picking) disorder?
What is the estimated point prevalence of excoriation (skin-picking) disorder?
Which of the following treatments is most effective for OCD-related disorders, according to the chapter?
Which of the following treatments is most effective for OCD-related disorders, according to the chapter?
What characterizes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the DSM-5?
What characterizes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the DSM-5?
Which symptom cluster in PTSD includes intrusive memories and flashbacks?
Which symptom cluster in PTSD includes intrusive memories and flashbacks?
What is the estimated 12-month prevalence rate of PTSD in the United States according to the chapter?
What is the estimated 12-month prevalence rate of PTSD in the United States according to the chapter?
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing PTSD?
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing PTSD?
Which cognitive model concept is pivotal in perpetuating PTSD according to the chapter?
Which cognitive model concept is pivotal in perpetuating PTSD according to the chapter?
Which of the following is NOT an effective component of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for PTSD?
Which of the following is NOT an effective component of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for PTSD?
Which type of event has been shown to result in more severe PTSD according to the chapter?
Which type of event has been shown to result in more severe PTSD according to the chapter?
Double Negative: Which of the following is NOT untrue about the prevalence of PTSD in children?
Double Negative: Which of the following is NOT untrue about the prevalence of PTSD in children?
What percentage of rape victims develop PTSD as mentioned in the chapter?
What percentage of rape victims develop PTSD as mentioned in the chapter?
Double Negative: It is not false that people with PTSD typically do NOT experience which of the following symptoms?
Double Negative: It is not false that people with PTSD typically do NOT experience which of the following symptoms?
What is the primary goal of anxiety management techniques in CBT for PTSD?
What is the primary goal of anxiety management techniques in CBT for PTSD?
Which factor is NOT typically associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD?
Which factor is NOT typically associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD?
Double Negative: It is not unlikely that PTSD treatment will NOT include which of the following components?
Double Negative: It is not unlikely that PTSD treatment will NOT include which of the following components?
Which medication class is mentioned as being effective in treating PTSD?
Which medication class is mentioned as being effective in treating PTSD?
Which technique involves clients confronting their feared objects or situations in real life?
Which technique involves clients confronting their feared objects or situations in real life?
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Study Notes
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions.
- Obsessions are persistent, intrusive thoughts causing significant anxiety.
- Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety.
- Average age of onset is 10.3 years.
Diagnostic Criteria for OCD
- Symptoms must cause marked distress or interfere with functioning.
- Excludes the presence of substance abuse or delusions.
- Compulsions aim to reduce anxiety.
Treatments for OCD
- Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most supported treatment approach.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) procedures are effective for OCD-related disorders.
- Behavioral experiments help clients test the accuracy of their beliefs.
Related Disorders
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder is categorized under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in the DSM-5, characterized by preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance.
- Hoarding Disorder involves persistent difficulty discarding possessions and causes significant distress.
Prevalence Rates
- Approximately 63.7% of OCD patients engage in compulsive washing.
- Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder has an estimated point prevalence of 1.5%.
Neuropsychological Model of OCD
- Involves failures in the basal ganglia and different functioning of the caudate nucleus.
- It is not definitively proven as the sole cause of OCD.
Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT)
- Focuses on psychoeducation about the disorder and cognitive therapy strategies.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Characterized by extreme stress reactions after exposure to traumatic events.
- Symptoms include intrusive memories, flashbacks, and hypervigilance.
- The estimated 12-month prevalence rate of PTSD in the U.S. is 3.9%.
Risk Factors and Cognitive Models
- A history of psychological disturbance increases risk for PTSD.
- Maladaptive appraisals about the trauma are pivotal in perpetuating PTSD symptoms.
- More severe PTSD results from interpersonal violence compared to impersonal trauma.
Treatment Components for PTSD
- Effective treatments include psychoeducation, anxiety management techniques, and prolonged imaginal exposure.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective medications for treating PTSD.
- In vivo exposure involves confronting feared objects or situations in real life.
Summary of PTSD in Children
- PTSD prevalence can be similar to that in trauma-exposed adults.
- PTSD symptoms manifest differently across childhood stages.
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