Week 3

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Recurrent episodes of depression

Obsessions and/or compulsions (correct)

Chronic fatigue and lack of motivation

Persistent delusions and hallucinations

Excessive need for social interaction

Which term describes uncontrollable, persistent thoughts that intrude upon an individual's consciousness and cause significant anxiety or distress?

Phobias

Fixations

Obsessions (correct)

Compulsions

Rituals

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for OCD?

The individual must have delusional beliefs

The disorder must be associated with substance abuse

Compulsions must not aim at reducing anxiety

Symptoms must cause marked distress or interfere with functioning (correct)

Obsessions must be linked to real-life problems

What is the average age of onset for OCD, as mentioned in the chapter?

10.3 years Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive technique involves the client participating in planned activities to test the accuracy of their beliefs?

Behavioral experiment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hoarding disorder is true?

It is characterized by persistent difficulty in discarding possessions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common presentation of OCD?

Excessive sleeping Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach has received the strongest support for OCD?

Exposure and response prevention Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of OCD patients have been found to engage in compulsive washing?

63.7% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about the neuropsychological model of OCD?

It has been definitively proven as the cause of OCD Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is categorized under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in the DSM-5?

Body dysmorphic disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) program for OCD?

Psychoeducation about disease and cognitive therapy strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes body dysmorphic disorder?

Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated point prevalence of excoriation (skin-picking) disorder?

1.5% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is most effective for OCD-related disorders, according to the chapter?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) procedures Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the DSM-5?

Extreme stress reactions after exposure to traumatic events Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom cluster in PTSD includes intrusive memories and flashbacks?

Re-experiencing symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated 12-month prevalence rate of PTSD in the United States according to the chapter?

3.9% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing PTSD?

History of psychological disturbance Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive model concept is pivotal in perpetuating PTSD according to the chapter?

Maladaptive appraisals or interpretations of the traumatic event Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an effective component of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for PTSD?

Hypnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of event has been shown to result in more severe PTSD according to the chapter?

Interpersonal violence Signup and view all the answers

Double Negative: Which of the following is NOT untrue about the prevalence of PTSD in children?

PTSD manifests differently across different stages of childhood Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of rape victims develop PTSD as mentioned in the chapter?

70% Signup and view all the answers

Double Negative: It is not false that people with PTSD typically do NOT experience which of the following symptoms?

Constant euphoria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of anxiety management techniques in CBT for PTSD?

To help individuals gain mastery over their fear Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD?

High intelligence levels Signup and view all the answers

Double Negative: It is not unlikely that PTSD treatment will NOT include which of the following components?

Immediate debriefing after trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is mentioned as being effective in treating PTSD?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves clients confronting their feared objects or situations in real life?

In vivo exposure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions.
Obsessions are persistent, intrusive thoughts causing significant anxiety.
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety.
Average age of onset is 10.3 years.

Diagnostic Criteria for OCD

Symptoms must cause marked distress or interfere with functioning.
Excludes the presence of substance abuse or delusions.
Compulsions aim to reduce anxiety.

Treatments for OCD

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most supported treatment approach.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) procedures are effective for OCD-related disorders.
Behavioral experiments help clients test the accuracy of their beliefs.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder is categorized under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in the DSM-5, characterized by preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance.
Hoarding Disorder involves persistent difficulty discarding possessions and causes significant distress.

Prevalence Rates

Approximately 63.7% of OCD patients engage in compulsive washing.
Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder has an estimated point prevalence of 1.5%.

Neuropsychological Model of OCD

Involves failures in the basal ganglia and different functioning of the caudate nucleus.
It is not definitively proven as the sole cause of OCD.

Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT)

Focuses on psychoeducation about the disorder and cognitive therapy strategies.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Characterized by extreme stress reactions after exposure to traumatic events.
Symptoms include intrusive memories, flashbacks, and hypervigilance.
The estimated 12-month prevalence rate of PTSD in the U.S. is 3.9%.

Risk Factors and Cognitive Models

A history of psychological disturbance increases risk for PTSD.
Maladaptive appraisals about the trauma are pivotal in perpetuating PTSD symptoms.
More severe PTSD results from interpersonal violence compared to impersonal trauma.

Treatment Components for PTSD

Effective treatments include psychoeducation, anxiety management techniques, and prolonged imaginal exposure.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective medications for treating PTSD.
In vivo exposure involves confronting feared objects or situations in real life.

Summary of PTSD in Children

PTSD prevalence can be similar to that in trauma-exposed adults.
PTSD symptoms manifest differently across childhood stages.

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Description

This quiz explores the characteristics and symptoms associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Test your knowledge on the defining features and terminology used to describe this mental health condition. Perfect for psychology students and enthusiasts.