Understanding Obedience in Human Behavior

Individuals join groups for companionship, survival and security, affiliation status, power and control, and achievement.

Interdependence, social interaction, perception of a group, and commonality of purpose.

Groups influence individual decision-making processes through phenomena like groupthink, group shift, and deindividuation.

<p>Compliance refers to individuals changing their behavior due to a request or directive from another person or group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group behavior refers to the ways people behave in large- or small-group situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals feel supported by the group and thus more comfortable taking on extreme views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obedience is following explicit instructions from an authority figure, compliance is influenced by peers, and conformity is matching the majority's behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Holocaust and the extermination of millions of people led psychologists to study human obedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stanley Milgram focused on studying obedience to authority figures in his experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early explanations focused on German culture, but later shifted to the surprising obedience of humans to authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimenter's prestige can affect levels of obedience, with more prestigious authority figures eliciting more obedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of expertise may lead individuals to defer decision-making to the group and its hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deindividuation leads individuals to view themselves as instruments for carrying out others' wishes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compliance is acquiescence in response to a peer's request, while obedience is influenced by authority figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influence, through words, actions, or presence of others, can impact an individual's decision to comply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The more important the group is to an individual, the more likely the individual is to comply with social influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy refers to the proximity of the group to the individual, which makes the individual more likely to comply with group pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compliance increases as the number of people in a group increases, but the influence of adding people starts to decrease as the group gets larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perceived shared characteristics cause an individual to be more likely to comply with a request, especially when the shared feature is perceived as unplanned and rare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compliance with parents' wishes is more likely if they live in the same city than if they live in another state or country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive prejudice towards other group members and discriminating in their favor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group influence can be useful in work settings, team sports, and political activism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groupthink is a phenomenon where the desire for harmony or conformity leads to incorrect decision-making outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groupthink occurs when group members focus on making quick decisions to maintain harmony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group members may overlook alternative ideas or viewpoints in their quest for consensus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolation from outside influences, loyalty preventing controversial issues, loss of individual creativity and independent thinking, illusion of invulnerability, lack of impartial leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared illusions, rationalizations, lack of individual accountability, allowing powerful leaders to enlist 'normal' people in committing mass acts of violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenomenon where individual positions shift towards more extreme positions in a group; shared risk makes individual risk seem less, leading to riskier decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influence can lead to conformity, compliance, and obedience within a group, affecting decision-making by influencing individual behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy refers to the degree of directness, closeness, and intensity in social interactions; it can impact the effectiveness of communication, influence, and relationships within a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants adapted to their roles beyond expectations, with guards subjecting prisoners to psychological and physical torture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They concluded that proximity to the authority figure plays a significant role in obedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experimenter was in the same room as the participant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The participants showed willingness to obey an authority figure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The guards enforced authoritarian measures and subjected prisoners to psychological and physical torture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many prisoners passively accepted abuse and even harassed others on the guards' request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological and physical torture of prisoners by the guards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>26 out of 40 participants still administered the full shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of authority figures and social situations on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They adapted to their roles by enforcing authoritarian measures and subjecting fellow participants to abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The foot-in-the-door technique involves starting with a small request before making a larger one. For example, asking someone to sign a petition before asking for a donation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The door-in-the-face technique begins with a large request that is expected to be rejected, followed by a more reasonable request. For instance, asking for a $1000 loan and then reducing it to $100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The low-ball technique involves initially getting someone to agree to a low cost before increasing it later. It works by creating a sense of commitment due to the initial agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influence in a group can lead to compliance through factors like conformity, authority, and group norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy refers to the urgency or closeness of a request. It can impact compliance by creating a sense of pressure or importance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximity indicates physical closeness; the closer the authority figure is, the more obedience is demonstrated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The guards enforced authoritarian measures and subjected some prisoners to psychological and physical torture, which was beyond what the experimenters had anticipated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group strength can influence compliance by increasing the pressure to conform and obey the group norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy in social psychology refers to physical or emotional closeness, which can increase the influence of social factors on an individual's behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milgram and Zimbardo concluded that factors like proximity to the authority figure and the strength of the group can significantly influence obedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group strength influences compliance by creating a sense of unity and increasing the pressure to conform to the group's expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deindividuation contributes to obedience by causing individuals to see themselves as instruments for carrying out others' wishes, thus diminishing their sense of personal responsibility for their actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy influences compliance by creating a sense of urgency or pressure to respond quickly to a request or command.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors influencing compliance in social psychology include authority figures, group pressure, social norms, and the degree of personal responsibility felt by individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influence affects compliance by leveraging the words, actions, or mere presence of others to sway an individual's decision to comply with a request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Milgram experiment demonstrated the strong influence of authority figures on individuals, showing that many people are willing to obey orders to harm others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group strength refers to the cohesion and power of a group, which can increase compliance as individuals are more likely to conform to the group's norms and expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy in social psychology refers to the closeness or proximity of individuals, which can enhance social influence and strengthen group dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influence can shape group decisions by affecting individual opinions, attitudes, and behaviors based on the influence of others within the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors such as authority, group dynamics, social norms, and the presence of peers can influence compliance levels in individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy refers to the proximity of the group to an individual, with compliance increasing when the group is closer and made up of people the individual cares about.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group strength influences compliance by making individuals more likely to comply with social influence if the group is more important to them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compliance increases as the number of people in a group increases, but the influence of adding people decreases as the group gets larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similarity causes individuals to be more likely to comply with a request, especially when perceived shared characteristics are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influence plays a crucial role in compliance research, as it examines overt and subtle influences that impact an individual's compliance with group pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membership satisfaction needs, companionship, survival and security, affiliation status, power and control, and achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interdependence, social interaction, perception of a group, commonality of purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group behavior can influence individual decision-making through phenomena like groupthink, group shift, and deindividuation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High group cohesiveness, isolation from dissenting viewpoints, directive leadership, and time pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediacy in compliance refers to responding quickly to a request or command without much delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deindividuation can lead to decreased self-awareness and accountability, making individuals more likely to engage in behaviors they wouldn't do alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similarity can increase compliance as individuals are more likely to comply with requests from those they perceive as similar to themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group influence can positively impact individual behavior by providing support, encouragement, and shared goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Striving for unanimity can lead to groupthink, where dissenting opinions are suppressed in favor of conformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In larger groups, compliance may increase due to diffusion of responsibility and social influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group polarization theory suggests that group discussions tend to strengthen individuals' initial leanings, leading to more extreme views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment ended if the participant gave the maximum 450-volt shock three times in a row.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They hypothesized that only a very small fraction (1%) of participants would administer the maximum voltage shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The confederate pretended to be a volunteer and was part of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were verbally encouraged to continue by the researcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>65% of participants administered the full 450-volt shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers