Social Influence and Obedience Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that distinguishes obedience from compliance?

  • Compliance is an involuntary response.
  • Obedience requires a direct order from authority. (correct)
  • Compliance is influenced by social norms.
  • Obedience involves peer pressure.

What does conformity primarily relate to in the context of social influence?

  • Pressure towards uniformity within a group. (correct)
  • Compliance due to external rewards.
  • Direct orders from power figures.
  • Personal beliefs unrelated to group norms.

Why do individuals often accept social influence?

  • To avoid social rejection and maintain group membership. (correct)
  • To gain direct benefits from leaders.
  • To exert influence over others.
  • To establish their individual beliefs.

What does subjective validity imply in the context of social norms?

<p>One's confidence in their beliefs may not be based on empirical evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does power play in obedience?

<p>An order must originate from a person perceived to have power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do uniformity and compliance interact in social groups?

<p>Uniformity provides a subjective validation for beliefs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between social norms and caution in a group setting?

<p>Social norms provide clarity and reduce uncertainty in decision making. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes compliance?

<p>It is a voluntary action taken without pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aggression involve according to the content?

<p>The deliberate and intentional infliction of harm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory asserts that every frustration leads to some form of aggression?

<p>Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does power play in relationships according to the content?

<p>Power and influence are alternatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does conformity affect individuals' processing of information from the group?

<p>It prevents deep processing of group information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of aggression according to the content?

<p>An external stimulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding minority influence?

<p>Power and influence are seen as alternatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does legitimate power refer to?

<p>Power arising from social position or hierarchy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a misconception about influence?

<p>Influence is always harmful (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of conformity within a society?

<p>To establish a uniform way of behaving for collective goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influence involves accepting information based on the validity seen from others?

<p>Informal Influence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process where a minority can persuade others to change their views?

<p>Minority Influence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when an individual deviates from majority influence without being affected by the group?

<p>Anticonformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by normative influence in a social context?

<p>The pressure to conform for positive reactions from others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism leads to public compliance rather than private acceptance?

<p>Normative social processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do minorities influence the thinking of majority group members?

<p>Through consistency in their behavioral style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does conformity have on social structure?

<p>It allows for the establishment and preservation of societal rules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does social learning theory suggest about aggressive responses?

<p>Aggressive responses are acquired through experiences of reward. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, what factor strengthens aggression?

<p>The intensity of frustration experienced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of aggression, how do people typically respond when angry?

<p>They often misinterpret neutral reactions as aggressive. (A), They underestimate the provocation they received. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of reported cases of rape or sexual assault?

<p>They often feature male offenders and female victims. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about children who receive corporal punishment?

<p>They learn to view physical punishment as an acceptable response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ratio of men are typically involved in murders?

<p>Two men. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did students react when faced with illegitimate frustration during charity appeals?

<p>They directed more verbal aggression at potential donors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of retaliation according to the norm 'an eye for an eye'?

<p>Retaliation should ideally match the level of the attack. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the cognitive model of bystander intervention?

<p>Notice that something is wrong; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aggressive pornography impact men's attitudes toward aggression?

<p>It increases willingness to use force to obtain sex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the cost-reward perspective, what must individuals consider when deciding to help?

<p>The potential rewards of helping versus the costs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is altruism characterized by?

<p>Helping that is intended to provide aid to someone else without expecting any reward. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence whether a person decides to help?

<p>The personal characteristics of the person in need. (C), The cost of helping in terms of effort and danger. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding nonaggressive pornography?

<p>It does not produce aggression toward women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Desensitization in the context of media and violence refers to which of the following?

<p>A reduced emotional response to violence over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect influences the cost-reward perspective in bystander behavior?

<p>Personality differences of the potential helpers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of helping behavior are men more likely to engage in?

<p>Engaging in dangerous situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which motivation explains why people are likely to help others based on past experiences?

<p>Reinforcement Learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the Empathy-Altruism Model that influences helping behavior?

<p>High levels of empathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the experience of distress influence bystander's helping behavior?

<p>It increases helping behavior when escape is difficult (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do personal norms or standards focus on in the context of helping behavior?

<p>Individual internal value systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does intergroup conflict typically involve?

<p>Competing values, beliefs, and norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is most likely to lead to a decrease in helping behavior among bystanders?

<p>Easy escape routes available (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does modeling play in promoting helping behavior?

<p>It demonstrates effective actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Influence

The process of changing other people's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Obedience

Changing behavior due to a direct order from an authority figure.

Compliance

Doing something because someone asked you to, not out of obligation.

Conformity

Changing behavior to fit in with a group.

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Social Norm

Generally accepted way of thinking, feeling, or behaving, seen as right.

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Subjective Validity

Confidence in an idea's correctness, especially when influenced by others.

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Norm Formation

How norms or expected behaviors develop within a group.

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Uncertainty Reduction

Seeking conformity to feel more certain or reduce doubt.

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Social Conformity

Following generally expected ways of behaving in situations with established norms.

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Majority Social Influence

Group pressure leading individuals to conform to the norm.

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Minority Influence

A smaller group impacting or changing the larger group's perspective.

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Informational Influence

Accepting information from another as valid evidence.

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Normative Influence

Conforming to positive expectations from others—or yourself—to gain approval and avoid disapproval.

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Private Acceptance

The belief that a majority's opinion is internally valid.

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Public Compliance

Conforming to external expectations without personally agreeing.

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Conversion Theory

Minority influence creating change through uncertainty and new perspectives.

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Persuasion

Changing someone's beliefs, attitudes, or behavior using arguments or information.

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Power

The ability to influence or control others.

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Influence

Power in action, affecting someone's thoughts or actions.

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Authority

Power derived from a social position or hierarchy.

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Legitimate Power

Power based on a recognized position of authority.

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Aggression

Intentionally causing harm to someone who wants to avoid it.

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Social Learning Theory

Aggressive behaviors are learned through observing and imitating others, as well as receiving rewards for aggression.

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Aggression Learned Through Experience

Social learning theory suggests that individuals acquire aggressive behaviors by experiencing rewards for exhibiting aggression.

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Cost/Reward Analysis

Individuals consider the potential consequences (cost) and potential benefits (reward) before engaging in aggression.

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Normative Aggression

Aggressive behavior that follows societal rules or expectations.

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Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Frustration can lead to aggression when someone's goals are blocked.

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Intensifying Frustration

Frustration leading to aggression is heightened when the frustration is perceived as arbitrary, unprovoked, or illegitimate.

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Overestimation of Provocation

When angry, individuals might overestimate the strength of another's provocation, leading to greater aggression.

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Misinterpreting Responses

Anger can lead to misinterpreting non-aggressive responses as intentional provocations.

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Bystander Intervention

The process of deciding whether to help someone in need, involving a series of steps from noticing the situation to acting.

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Cognitive Model of Bystander Intervention

A model explaining how individuals decide whether to help in an emergency. It involves steps such as noticing the event, interpreting it as an emergency, assuming responsibility, deciding how to help, and taking action.

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Cost-Reward Perspective

A theory suggesting that people help others based on the balance of potential rewards (like feeling good) and costs (like risk or effort).

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Altruism

Helping others with no expectation of personal gain or reward.

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Prosocial Behaviors

Actions that benefit others and have positive social consequences.

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Aggressive Pornography

Pornographic content that depicts violence, aggression, or dominance, potentially influencing attitudes and behaviors towards violence.

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Desensitization

The process of becoming less emotionally reactive to violence or disturbing content due to repeated exposure.

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Legitimization / Justification

The process of using media content to rationalize or justify violence, making it seem acceptable.

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Helping

A type of prosocial behavior that directly benefits another person.

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Reinforcement

Past experiences where helping actions were rewarded, leading to a motivation to help again.

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Modeling

Learning to help by observing others, showing that it's possible and effective.

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Egoism

Helping to reduce personal distress caused by someone else's suffering.

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Empathy-Altruism Model

Helping out of genuine concern and desire to reduce another person's suffering.

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Personal Norms

Internalized moral principles and obligations that guide individuals to help others.

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Intergroup Conflict

Antagonistic actions between groups, often driven by competing values, beliefs, or resources.

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Study Notes

Social Influence and Persuasion

  • Social influence is the process of changing other people's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
  • Obedience occurs when a person follows a direct order from someone in a position of authority.
  • Compliance happens when someone does something simply because they were asked to.
  • Conformity involves following social norms, or expected behaviors within a group.
    • Social norms are generally accepted ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving, considered proper within a group.
    • Subjective validity refers to one's degree of confidence that a belief, judgment, or action is correct.
    • Maintaining membership in a group and avoiding social rejection are key reasons why people conform.
    • Uniformity within a group can provide subjective validation for shared beliefs, facilitating group cohesion.
  • Majority social influence involves a group's influence over a dissenting individual or individuals.
  • Minority social influence involves a small group's influence on a larger group.
    • Consistency, investment, autonomy, rigidity, and fairness are minority influence factors.
  • Social Power and influence are related.
    • Power is the capacity to exercise influence.
    • Influence reflects a power dynamic between members.
    • Different kinds of power (e.g. legitimate, reward, coercive) can be used to influence others.
  • conformity usually results from norms, or shared standards about acceptable behavior in specific situations.

Aggression

  • Aggression involves the intentional infliction of harm on someone who wants to avoid it.
  • Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis suggests that frustration leads to aggression.
  • Social Learning Theory posits aggression is learned.
  • Children are susceptible to learning aggressive behaviors through observation, imitation, and reinforcement.
  • Aggressive pornography can lead to aggressive behaviors and attitudes.

Altruism

  • Altruism is helping others without expecting a reward or benefit.
  • Prosocial behavior is any action that benefits others.

Violence and Media

  • Media exposure can influence attitudes and behaviors.
  • Exposure to violence in media can desensitize viewers; can influence attitudes toward violence as acceptable behavior; can lead to a justification for violent acts; can increase arousal and increase negative feelings.

Intergroup Conflict

  • Intergroup conflict occurs when groups have opposing interests.
  • Social dilemmas arise when the desires of individuals conflict with the needs of society.
  • Social identity theory states that personal identity is derived from group memberships.
    • Group members often tend toward ethnocentrism (valuing their group more highly than others.)
  • Realistic group conflict theory holds that competition for resources can exacerbate intergroup conflict.
  • Relative deprivation theory suggests conflict arises when members feel that their group is being treated unfairly compared to other groups.

Peaceful Conflict Resolution

  • Superordinate goals are shared objectives that necessitate cooperation and compromise from conflicting groups.
  • Intergroup contact leads to more positive relations with other groups.
  • Mediation and arbitration involve third parties to facilitate conflict resolution.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in social influence, including obedience, compliance, and conformity. Explore factors like power dynamics, aggression, and the impact of social norms on group behavior. This quiz covers the nuances that differentiate various forms of social interaction.

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