30 Questions
What is the main difference between natural (innate) immunity and acquired (adaptive) immunity?
Natural immunity is present at birth, while acquired immunity develops after birth.
What is the second line of defense in the immune system?
Inflammatory responses and activation of phagocytes
Which of the following is an example of passive acquired immunity?
Receiving an infusion of plasma
Why does increased age reduce the ability of the immune system to respond to infection?
The immune system becomes weaker and less responsive with age.
What is the main reason women are twice as likely as men to have autoimmune disorders?
Women's immune systems are more sensitive than men's.
What is the primary function of the chemical and physical barriers in the immune system?
To provide the first line of defense against pathogens.
Which type of acquired immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies?
Active acquired immunity
How does natural (innate) immunity differ from acquired (adaptive) immunity in terms of specificity?
Natural immunity is non-specific, while acquired immunity is specific.
What is the main function of the inflammatory response in the immune system?
To activate phagocytes and other immune cells.
How does the immune system's ability to respond to infection change with increased age?
It becomes weaker and less responsive.
What is the primary reason the body responds slower to infection in the elderly?
Decreased number of phagocytes
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect immune response?
Blood pressure
What is the main purpose of lymph node assessment?
Both a and b
What is the main difference between lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis?
Lymphadenopathy is swelling of the lymph nodes, while lymphadenitis is an infection of the lymph nodes
Which laboratory finding is most indicative of an allergic response?
Both a and b
What is the main advantage of RAST testing compared to skin testing for allergies?
RAST testing is safer and does not risk causing anaphylactic reactions
What is the most important precaution to take when preparing a patient for allergy testing?
All of the above
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs immediately upon exposure to an antigen?
Type I (Anaphylactic)
What is the most important treatment for Type I (Anaphylactic) hypersensitivity reactions?
Prevention
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that can affect immune response?
Stress
Which of the following is the most dangerous allergic reaction?
Anaphylaxis
What is the initial medication given for treating anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
Which of the following is a common side effect of antihistamines?
Sedation
What type of allergic reaction is characterized by the involvement of T-cells and macrophages, rather than antibodies?
Type IV (Delayed or Cellular)
Which of the following is an example of a Type V (Antibody-Mediated/Stimulated) allergic reaction?
Graves' disease
What is the recommended management for a patient experiencing anaphylactic shock?
Begin CPR if cardiac arrest occurs, provide 100% oxygen, and administer epinephrine
Which of the following is a common trigger for allergic reactions?
All of the above
What is the action of epinephrine that makes it effective in treating anaphylaxis?
All of the above
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of a Type IV (Delayed or Cellular) allergic reaction?
All of the above
What is the recommended management for a Type IV (Delayed or Cellular) allergic reaction?
All of the above
Learn about the differences between natural immunity (innate immunity) and acquired immunity (adaptive immunity). Explore how the body's defenses work to protect against pathogens, including the first and second lines of defense.
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