30 Questions
What is the key difference between innate (natural) immunity and acquired immunity?
Innate immunity is species-specific, while acquired immunity is not.
Why does species immunity differ between humans and animals for certain diseases?
Because certain diseases do not affect animals naturally.
What distinguishes herd immunity from innate (natural) immunity?
Herd immunity applies to contagious diseases, while innate immunity does not.
What has contributed significantly to the eradication of smallpox worldwide?
Widespread vaccination
How does herd immunity benefit individuals who are more at risk of getting a disease?
By reducing the likelihood of infection in the community.
Why are contagious diseases more susceptible to eradication through herd immunity?
Contagious diseases rely on person-to-person transmission.
What is the main goal of COVID 19 Immunization?
To achieve herd immunity
Which type of immunity involves the injection of antigens to stimulate antibody production?
Active Immunity - Artificial
What is an example of passive immunity mentioned in the text?
Anti Tetanus Serum (ATS)
Which type of immunity involves antibodies transferred from mother to fetus through placenta or breastmilk?
Passive Immunity - Natural
What does active immunity, whether natural or artificial induced, typically result in?
Immunity for life
In which type of immunity do the recipient's tissues not participate actively in the immune response?
Artificial Passive Immunity
Which type of vaccine is the Penta valent vaccine according to the text?
Attenuated live vaccine
How are live attenuated vaccines produced according to the text?
By weakening 'wild' viruses or bacteria in a laboratory
Which type of vaccine includes polio, hepatitis A, and rabies vaccines according to the text?
Whole-cell inactivated vaccines
What is the main difference between live attenuated and inactivated vaccines based on the text?
The pathogens used
What is one of the tasks of vaccine managers according to the text?
Ensuring the required temperature for vaccine stock
Which vitamin amount is given to children aged 6-11 months according to the text?
100,000 iu (Blue)
What is the main purpose of the cold chain in vaccine distribution?
To ensure vaccines remain potent by storing them at recommended temperatures
Which factor is NOT crucial in maintaining the cold chain according to the text?
Ensuring vaccines are exposed to heat
Why is estimating the needed amount of vaccines important in maintaining the cold chain?
To avoid running out of vaccines or having excess wastage
What is the significance of checking vaccine expiry dates in maintaining the cold chain?
To maintain the potency and effectiveness of vaccines
How many types of cold chain containers are mentioned in the passage?
3
What role does refrigeration equipment play in the cold chain?
Refrigeration equipment helps store vaccines at recommended temperatures
What is the recommended temperature range for storing DPT, HAEM, HEP, TT, and BCG vaccines?
4-8°C
Where should vaccines in use be placed inside the vaccine carrier?
Inside the holes in the ice-packs
What should be done with vaccines sent to outreach programs and not used?
Returned to the refrigerator
Which vaccines are stored in the deep freezer with a temperature below 0°C?
Measles, YF & polio
What is the purpose of placing small plastic bags with ice cubes on top of the ice packs in the vaccine carrier?
To keep the vaccines cool during immunization sessions
Why is it advised not to keep vaccines in the door of the fridge?
To prevent vaccine spoilage due to temperature fluctuations
Learn about the two types of immunity - natural and acquired. Natural immunity is innate and does not result from disease or inoculation. Understand the concept of species immunity and its implications.
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