Understanding Malnutrition and Overnutrition

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Questions and Answers

What is one consequence of excessive irrigation?

Improved groundwater recharge

Increased soil fertility

Higher crop yields

Waterlogging (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Disruption of the seed market

More resistant crops (correct)

Potential harmful toxins

Increased herbicide-resistant weeds

Critics often express concerns regarding GMOs for various reasons. Which of the following is one such concern?

Risks of unintentional genetic contamination. (correct)

GMOs enhance biodiversity.

Widespread environmental damage is likely.

GMOs provide complete food security.

Which of the following options does NOT represent an environmental issue due to poor water resource management?

Increased salinity in soils (C) Signup and view all the answers

The three major global uses of fresh water include which of the following?

Agricultural, residential, and industrial uses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the world's water resources are classified as saltwater?

97% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is polluted groundwater challenging to clean up?

Aquifers have slow rates of natural filtration. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive irrigation potentially lead to in terms of soil condition?

Waterlogging (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about malnutrition?

Not getting enough to eat, living with chronic hunger, and poor nutrition. (A) Signup and view all the answers

All statements refer to overnutrition EXCEPT for one.

Living life to the fullest with a great healthy mind and body. (D) Signup and view all the answers

This type of agriculture aims to increase yield and uses heavy equipment and large amounts of inputs to produce single crops.

Industrialized agriculture. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement/s supports the concept of genetic engineering?

Both of the two statements. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why does industrialized food production require huge inputs of energy?

Energy is not a significant factor in industrialized food production. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about food production's harmful effects on biodiversity is NOT true?

Increase food waste because of overproduction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

This is a soil degradation process where repeated annual applications of irrigation water in dry climates lead to salt accumulation.

Salinization. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of the harmful effects of excessive irrigation?

Waterlogging and reduced soil aeration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the harmful effects of over pumping aquifers?

It limits future food production (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is used for removing salt from ocean or brackish water?

Vapor-compression evaporation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a problem related to desalination?

Desalination enhances groundwater recharge (B) Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition is using an average volume of water for production not necessarily detrimental?

When there is an abundance of water and wastewater is managed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of floods?

Floods may result in loss of life and destruction of property (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods does NOT help reduce wastewater?

Encouraging the growth of water-thirsty crops in dry areas (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long can the recycling process of groundwater take?

Hundreds or thousands of years (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of desalination if non-renewable resources are utilized?

It increases fossil fuel dependence and greenhouse gas emissions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one problem that mining may create?

Water pollution (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about weathering is not true?

It is a rapid process. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted of all the present continents?

Pangea (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario occurs when oceanic plates collide?

A trench would form at the boundary as the denser plate is subducted. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The process by which mined land is returned to its original state or better is known as:

Reclamation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which mining method describes Contour Strip Mining?

Terraces are cut into the side of a hill with gigantic shovels. (B) Signup and view all the answers

This refers to the waste material left over from mining activities.

Tailings (A) Signup and view all the answers

Sustainable mineral use and longer lifetimes for scarce minerals can be achieved with all of the following EXCEPT:

Increasing demand and lowering prices for products using these minerals (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Malnutrition

Malnutrition is characterized by not getting enough to eat, living with chronic hunger, and poor nutrition.
It is not a result of eating a healthy diet.
Lack of motivation to eat is not a characteristic of malnutrition.

Overnutrition

Overnutrition is when food energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, leading to excess body fat.
Overnutrition results in a lower life expectancy and increased susceptibility to disease.
Lower productivity and quality of life are also associated with overnutrition.
Living healthily is not indicative of overnutrition.

Types of Agriculture

Industrialized agriculture aims to yield more food per unit of land, relying on heavy machinery, significant financial capital, fossil fuels, water, commercial fertilizers, and pesticides to cultivate monocultures.
Traditional agriculture is a less intensive agricultural approach compared to industrialized agriculture.
Systematic agriculture is not a defined type of agriculture.
Regular agriculture is not a defined category of agriculture.

Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering involves altering an organism's genetic material to create desirable traits and eliminate undesirable traits through adding, deleting, or changing segments of its DNA.
Gene splicing is a method used in genetic engineering to produce crop varieties faster.

Industrialized Food Production and Energy

Industrialized food production requires substantial energy inputs for running farm machinery, producing synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, and transporting food across countries.

Environmental Effects of Food Production

Overproduction of food leads to increased food waste.
Cultivated areas replace natural ecosystems like grasslands, forests, and wetlands.
Cultivated areas have a loss of genetic diversity in crop strains as they are solely focused on monoculture farming.
Killing wild animal predators to protect livestock is an unintended consequence of specific farming practices.

Soil Degradation

Salinization occurs when repeated irrigation applications in dry climates cause salts to accumulate in upper soil layers.

Irrigation Effects

Excessive irrigation depletes groundwater and surface water supplies.
Excessive irrigation leads to waterlogging, increasing the water table.
Excessive irrigation can reduce soil fertility due to the depletion of plant nutrients.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Critics of GMOs are concerned about their potential for long-term harm to human health and ecosystems, possible harmful genetic and ecological effects, and the potential for these genes to spread between species and decrease natural genetic biodiversity in crops.

Water Resources Management

Poor management of water resources leads to issues like falling water tables, disappearing wetlands, swelling of lakes, and decreasing river flows in areas with intensive water use.

Water Use

Fresh water is used globally for manufacturing goods, wastewater disposal, irrigation, drinking, bathing, growing crops, and generating power and in residential, agricultural, and industrial uses.

Water Resources

Ninety-seven percent of the world's water resources are saltwater.
Eighty percent of the remaining water is found in ice caps and glaciers.

Groundwater Pollution

Polluted groundwater is difficult and costly to clean up due to the extended time it takes for groundwater to recycle, pollutants clinging to the aquifer, and the vast areas of rock and dispersed pollutants throughout.

Aquifer Overpumping

Overpumping aquifers limits future food production, exacerbates the gap between the rich and poor, and can cause land to collapse due to subsidence and sinkholes.

Desalination

Desalination technologies involve processes like vapor-compression evaporation, thermal distillation, membrane distillation, and reverse osmosis.
These technologies are used to remove salt from ocean or brackish water, creating freshwater.
Desalination is costly, creates brine waste, increases fossil fuel dependence, greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbates climate change when non-renewable resources are utilized for freshwater production.

Flood Disadvantages

Floods cause property destruction and loss of life, despite having a positive role in nutrient deposition for healthy fisheries and recharging groundwater for biodiversity.

Wastewater Reduction

Wastewater can be reduced through several methods, such as using drip irrigation and mulch for gardens, repairing water leaks, using recycled water for lawns and plants, and encouraging water-efficient crops.

Mining Impacts

Mining results in environmental impacts including creating dust, destruction of natural habitats, groundwater pollution, and soil erosion.

Rock Classification

Geologists classify rocks into sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks based on their formation.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of malnutrition and overnutrition, detailing their characteristics and implications on health. Additionally, it covers different types of agriculture, including industrialized and traditional methods. Test your knowledge on these critical topics related to nutrition and agriculture.