30 Questions
What is the 2nd leading cause of death?
Heart disease
How many Americans are alive today with a history of Cancer?
More than 16.9 million
Which type of neoplasm is composed of 'well-differentiated' cells but have lost the ability to control cell proliferation?
Benign
What has extended life according to the text?
Cancer screening, prevention, and treatments
Which assessment data is used to design a plan of care for patients with cancer?
Subjective and objective assessment data
What is the incidence trend of many cancers largely due to?
Preventive efforts
What does cancer evolve into according to the text?
A chronic illness
What is the main purpose of targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment?
To work on specific cell receptors with less damage to healthy cells
What is the role of nurses in managing extravasation during chemotherapy infusion?
Recognizing and managing extravasation of irritant and vesicant agents
How does radiation therapy primarily result in cell death?
By breaking the chemical bonds in DNA
Which type of therapy uses the body's immune system to fight cancer?
Immunotherapy or biologic therapy
What is the primary purpose of hormonal agents like corticosteroids and sex hormones in cancer treatment?
To slow the growth of hormone-dependent tumors in certain cancers
What is a key consideration for nurses in managing patients undergoing radiation therapy?
Managing skin reactions and protecting radiated skin
What is a crucial aspect of effective cancer pain management?
Proper pain assessment, medication management, and use of numerous drug options
How can altered taste (dysgeusia) in cancer patients be managed?
Through education and dietary adjustments to improve taste perception
What is a characteristic of cancer cachexia or 'Wasting Syndrome'?
Unintended weight loss and immune dysfunction
How can fatigue in cancer patients be managed?
With medications like Ritalin and frequent rest periods
What can be used to manage hair loss in cancer patients?
Wigs, scarves, and hats
What may be necessary for managing diarrhea in cancer patients?
Electrolyte replacement
How can mucositis and thrush in cancer patients be managed?
Mouth care, medications, and dietary adjustments
What is a potential management approach for constipation in cancer patients?
Dietary adjustments, hydration, and exercise
What may be required for managing cytopenias such as bone marrow suppression?
Blood transfusions and medications to stimulate blood cell production
How are oncologic emergencies categorized?
Metabolic, structural, hematologic, or infusional
Which type of cancer grows by invasion and metastasizes to other areas of the body?
Lung cancer
What are the seven warning signs of cancer characterized by?
Changes in bowel or bladder habits
What is the recommended age range for lung cancer screening through low-dose CT scans?
50-80
How is prostate cancer screening recommended for males aged 55-69?
$PSA$ testing every year
What does the TNM staging system assess in the classification of cancer?
Tumor, spread to lymph nodes, and metastasis
What are nursing responsibilities related to cancer diagnoses?
$Managing$ patient fear and anxiety
What are the common types of cancers?
Skin, lung, prostate, breast, colon and rectal cancers, leukemia and lymphoma.
Study Notes
Understanding Malignant Cancers and Nursing Responsibilities
- Malignant cancers grow by invasion and metastasize to other areas of the body, while benign tumors grow by expansion and do not spread.
- Commonly occurring cancers include skin, lung, prostate, breast, colon and rectal cancers, as well as various types of leukemia and lymphoma.
- Prevention of cancer involves risk factor elimination, such as smoking cessation, weight loss, and sun protection, as well as regular physical examinations and awareness of the warning signs.
- The seven warning signs of cancer are characterized by changes in bowel or bladder habits, non-healing sores, unusual bleeding, lumps, indigestion, changes in moles, and persistent cough or hoarseness.
- The nurse's role in cancer prevention and early detection includes education on risk factors, health promotion, screening, and recognizing warning signs of cancer.
- Breast cancer screening recommendations vary with age and risk factors, including mammograms and colonoscopies at specified intervals.
- Cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend cytology and HPV testing at specific intervals based on age and risk factors.
- Lung cancer screening through low-dose CT scans is recommended for individuals aged 50-80 with a history of smoking and a shared decision-making visit for those with limited life expectancy.
- Prostate cancer screening is recommended for males aged 55-69, with individual decision-making based on risks and benefits.
- Diagnosing cancer involves patient presentation and testing methods, such as biopsies, radiologic testing, and blood testing for tumor markers.
- The classification of cancer involves the TNM staging system, which assesses the tumor, spread to lymph nodes, and metastasis.
- Nursing considerations related to cancer diagnoses include managing patient fear and anxiety, providing clear explanations, and referring to the oncology team when necessary.
Explore the characteristics of malignant cancers and the nursing responsibilities related to cancer prevention, early detection, screening, diagnosis, and patient care. Learn about common types of cancers, warning signs, screening guidelines, and the nurse's role in managing patient fears and anxieties.
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