Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main problem with the argument presented in the text?
What is the main problem with the argument presented in the text?
- It has false premises.
- It violates the law of excluded middle.
- It has a true conclusion.
- It contains words with multiple meanings. (correct)
Which fallacy category includes fallacies that are committed due to provision of premises that are logically irrelevant to the conclusion?
Which fallacy category includes fallacies that are committed due to provision of premises that are logically irrelevant to the conclusion?
- Fallacies of Grammatical Analogy
- Fallacies of Weak Induction
- Fallacies of Ambiguity
- Fallacies of Relevance (correct)
What did Aristotle identify and separate into groups?
What did Aristotle identify and separate into groups?
- Logical premises
- Formal fallacies
- Logical syllogisms
- Informal fallacies (correct)
In the first premise of the flawed argument, how is the word 'plants' used?
In the first premise of the flawed argument, how is the word 'plants' used?
Which group of fallacies do fallacies of weak induction belong to?
Which group of fallacies do fallacies of weak induction belong to?
What has made the task of classifying informal fallacies more difficult over time?
What has made the task of classifying informal fallacies more difficult over time?
Which part of an argument usually needs to be logically relevant to avoid fallacies of relevance?
Which part of an argument usually needs to be logically relevant to avoid fallacies of relevance?
What is the main difference between the fallacies involving relevance and those involving ambiguity?
What is the main difference between the fallacies involving relevance and those involving ambiguity?
How many groups are the twenty-two informal fallacies divided into in the text?
How many groups are the twenty-two informal fallacies divided into in the text?
Which term describes fallacies that have premises logically unrelated to their conclusions?
Which term describes fallacies that have premises logically unrelated to their conclusions?
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Study Notes
Fallacies
- A fallacy can be committed in many ways, often due to a mistake in reasoning or the creation of an illusion that makes a bad argument appear good.
- Both deductive and inductive arguments can contain fallacies, making them either unsound or uncogent.
Types of Fallacies
- Fallacies are divided into two groups: formal and informal.
- Formal fallacies are committed due to a structural defect of an argument and can be identified through inspection of the form or structure of an argument.
- Informal fallacies are committed due to a defect in the content of an argument, other than in its structure or form.
Fallacies of Relevance
- Fallacies of relevance are committed when premises are logically irrelevant to the conclusion.
- The fallacy of missing the point is committed due to an irrelevant conclusion.
Fallacy of False Dichotomy
- The fallacy of false dichotomy is committed when a disjunctive premise presents two unlikely alternatives as if they were the only ones available.
- The arguer then eliminates the undesirable alternative, leaving the desirable one as the conclusion.
- This type of argument is valid but typically unsound due to a false or probably false disjunctive premise.
Classification of Fallacies
- Aristotle identified 13 informal fallacies and separated them into two groups.
- The presentation divided 22 informal fallacies into five groups: fallacies of relevance, fallacies of weak induction, fallacies of presumption, fallacies of ambiguity, and fallacies of grammatical analogy.
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