Understanding Intersectionality

• Identities influence our interactions and how the world interacts with each of us
• Focusing solely on perceived aspects of identity can lead to oversimplification and obscure important aspects of experience

Aspects of Identity

• Include Aboriginality, gender, sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity
• Also include ethnicity, colour, nationality, and refugee or asylum seeker background
• Covers migration or visa status, language, religion, and ability
• Extends to age, mental health, socioeconomic status, and housing status
• Includes geographic location, medical record, and criminal record

Intersectionality

• Everyone belongs to multiple categories with overlapping identities
• These influence development, relationships, opportunities, and worldviews
• Refers to how different aspects of identity expose individuals to overlapping discrimination and marginalisation
• Inequality and exclusion arise from societal attitudes, systems, and structures
• Includes sexism, racism, homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia
• Covers intersex discrimination, ableism, ageism, and stigma

Intersectionality Video Key Points

• Intersectionality is the interconnected nature of social categorizations creating overlapping discrimination or disadvantage
• The term was coined in 1989 by Kimberlé Crenshaw to address limitations of considering social categories in isolation
• Black women's experiences require examining both race and gender, not independently
• An intersectional lens is important in research, policy-making, and social justice work to address complexities of individual experiences

Additional Resources on Intersectionality

• The Asian Art Museum provides resources for students
• Students can explore their unique identities and understand intersectionality through artists' experiences
• Compass for SBC discusses how intersectionality expands understanding of social oppression
• Teach Justice offers resources on gender, respect, violence, and power
• Aims to educate young people on the impact of gender-based violence through an intersectional perspective

Cultural Competence in Healthcare

• Australia's population is culturally diverse needing culturally competent healthcare practices
• Cultural competence is ability to align care with patients' diverse values, beliefs, and behaviours
• It enhances patient-provider interactions, improves health outcomes and patient satisfaction
• Healthcare practitioners must recognize influences on encounters and how cultural background impacts health behaviours
• Mutual understanding leads to effective and culturally safe care

Queensland Health's Five Cross-Cultural Capabilities

• Self-Reflection encourages practitioners to examine cultural backgrounds, biases, and assumptions
• Cultural Understanding involves gaining knowledge about beliefs, values, and health practices
• Context recognizes the influence of social, historical, and political factors on health
• Communication emphasizes effective verbal and non-verbal skills tailored to diverse cultural contexts
• Collaboration focuses on working jointly with patients, families, and communities
• This is to develop and implement care plans that are culturally appropriate and acceptable

Cross-Cultural Communication Models and Advancements

• The LEARN model enhances interactions through listening, explaining, acknowledging differences, recommending treatments, and negotiating plans
• Healthcare organizations increasingly recognize the importance of cultural competence training
• Cross-Cultural Health Care Program developed training modules to assist healthcare professionals
• Aims to build skills that support the delivery of culturally respectful and appropriate services

Cultural Competence: Key Elements

• Develop cultural competence to provide effective and respectful care in a multicultural society
• Embrace self-reflection, cultural understanding, contextual awareness, effective communication, and collaboration
• Ensure healthcare services are inclusive and responsive to diverse needs

LEARN Model

• Developed in 1983, it is a framework for cross-cultural communication
• Listen: Assess patient's understanding and bring curiosity to promote trust
• Explain: Convey perceptions of the health condition, considering cultural background
• Acknowledge: Respectfully discuss differences and find common ground
• Recommend: Develop a treatment plan for the patient and their family
• Negotiate: Agree on a treatment plan that incorporates culturally relevant approaches

Culturally Safe Communication: Practice Points

• Identify cultural differences and stay self-aware of biases
• Use trained interpreters instead of family members
• Understand differences in communication styles
• Consider silences: they may indicate discomfort
• Build trust for empowerment and optimal care
• Longer visits with the same interpreter can build trust
• Tailor treatment plans involving family and community
• Stay attuned to tone, body language, and nonverbal cues in high-context communication
• Recognize diversity within cultural groups
• Assess literacy levels and adjust written materials

Cultural Capability Model Application

• Apply learned content about intersectionality and cross-cultural care to the cultural capability model for culturally safe care

'Culturally and Linguistically Diverse' (CALD)

• A broad term for communities with diverse languages, ethnic backgrounds, nationalities, traditions, societal structures, and religions
• The ABS defines CALD as people born overseas, excluding those from main English-speaking countries
• Main English-speaking countries include Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA
• The definition aims to describe communities, not determine an individual's status, and diversity cannot be summarised by one measure

Trauma-Informed Care

• Trauma-informed services do not re-traumatise and embrace hope
• Trauma survivors are seen as unique individuals managing abnormal situations
• Significant number of people living with mental health conditions experienced trauma
• Trauma may be a factor for people in distress and can have lifelong impacts
• Trauma can impact the person, their emotions, and relationships
• Is defined by an experience's impact on the individual rather than by the event itself

Core Trauma-Informed Principles

• Safety - emotional and physical
• Trust - service sensitivity to needs
• Choice - opportunities for selection
• Collaboration - 'doing with' rather than 'doing to'
• Empowerment - is a key focus
• Respect for Diversity

Trauma-Informed Approaches

• Do not distinguish “symptoms" from the impact of trauma
• Recognize that "symptoms" are often responses to trauma

Interpreters: Communication Tips

• Ensure understanding between all parties
• Speak directly to the client, not the interpreter
• Use a triangular position for in-person communication
• Introduce yourself to the interpreter
• Use short ideas and simple language
• Maintain eye contact and be aware of body language

Trauma-Informed Care Focus

• Shifts from "What's wrong with you?" to "What happened to you?"
• Acknowledges the need for a complete picture of a patient's life situation
• Improves engagement, adherence, health outcomes, and wellness
• Reduces avoidable care and excess costs

Trauma Informed Care: Broad Approach

• Informed by philosophy, values, evidence, and lived experience
• Culturally safe and inclusive of diversity

Guiding Principles of Trauma-Informed Care

• Understanding trauma and its impact on well-being
• Promoting physical, psychological, and emotional safety
• Supporting consumer control, choice, and autonomy
• Ensuring cultural competence and respect for diversity
• Fostering safe and healing relationships
• Sharing power and governance
• Recovery is possible
• Integrating care and communication

LGBTQ+ Considerations

• Assumptions about heterosexuality and cisgender status harm LGBTQ+ people
• Lack of inclusive language leads to clients not disclosing their identity or refraining from seeking help
• Stigma and discrimination towards LGBTQ+ people result in negative outcomes
• Competent use of language and inclusive communication helps LGBTQ+ people feel welcome

LGBTQ+ Inclusion

• Is about behaviors and values, providing awareness, and demonstrating inclusion across diverse groups
• It is not about beliefs, changing personal views, valuing one diverse group over another, tolerating damaging behaviors, or forcing people to come out

LGBTQ+ Inclusion Importance

• Sexual orientation and gender identity apply to all and are at the core of who we are
• Some feel the need to hide this aspect of themselves

Key LGBTQ+ Definitions

• Sex characteristics: biological attributes assigned at birth
• Endosex: meeting male and female body conventions
• Intersex: differing anatomical, chromosomal, and hormonal attributes, with at least 40 variations
• Sex: made at birth of male or female based on external anatomical characteristics, but not always binary
• Gender/gender identity: sense of being a man, woman, non-binary, agender, genderqueer, or genderfluid, or a combination

Concepts and Terminology

• Gender expression refers to how a person chooses to present their gender publicly
• Cisgender/cis describes aligning with gender assigned at birth
• Deadname is the former name, but shouldn't be used
• Dysphoria is distress from misgendering or an incongruent gender and body connection
• Gender affirmation is the process right for living as their defined gender and society recognising this

Gender and Sexuality

• Gender binary consists of male and female, and non-binary genders are non-male or female
• Gender euphoria is the experience of comfort and celebration related to a trans person with internal sense of self
• Gender fluid describes shifting or changing gender
• Gender pronouns express gender identity publicly
• Genderqueer may not conform to norms and may be expressed as other than woman or man including gender neutral and androgynous

Societal Recognition

• Gender questioning involves uncertainty about identity
• Non-binary identities exist within, outside of, or between the male and female spectrum
• Sistergirl/Brotherboy terms are used for trans people within Indigenous communities

Transgender Terminology

• Transgender encompasses people whose gender identity doesn't match their assigned sex
• Sexual orientation relates to attraction, separate from gender identity
• Can include heterosexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual and asexual

Aromantic and Asexual

• Aromantic refers to one who does not experience romantic attraction
• Asexual reflects little to no sexual attraction, while still experiencing romantic attraction
• Bisexual individuals are attracted to both same and different genders
• Gay is a man attracted to men, or a woman attracted to women
• Heterosexuals attracted to the opposite gender

Contemporary Terminology

• Lesbian is a woman attracted to women
• Pansexual attraction isn't restricted by gender
• Queer describes a range of sexual orientations and gender identities
• QTPOC is Queer and Trans People of Colour

Societal attitudes and issues

• Biphobia refers to negative beliefs, prejudice and/or discrimination against bisexual people
• Cisgenderism and cisnormativity relate to discriminatory views based on the idea that gender assigned at birth is fixed

Societal Systems

• Heterosexism privileges heteronormative beliefs, values and practice
• Homonormativity privileges certain people within the queer community
• Homophobia and transphobia relate to negative ideas towards same-sex attracted people and trans people
• Misgendering involves using language that does not match their gender identity

Transgender Statistics

• They experience high rates of verbal abuse, violence, and depression
• Inclusion can improve well-being
• Chosen name and high levels of social support are key factors

Language Guide

• Be supportive with name and pronoun changes and respect the individual's lead

Being An Ally: What to do and What not to do

• Be informed via training, friends, or publications
• Be visible
• Be a part of the solution
• Set inclusive tones at meetings
• The correct them
• Leave it alone

Inappropriate Questions

• Questions about genitals or surgical status
• The use of backhanded compliments

LGBTQ+ Dos and Don'ts

• Be aware of when and why to use certain verbiage

LGBTQ+ In terms of the NAYS

• Do not ask questions about genitals or surgery

Tips for Being an Ally

• Stay informed, visible, and part of the solution
• Promote inclusive terminology

Concepts

• Conclusion
• With understanding people's language, bodies, and relationships, these things can make an organisation inclusive

Term

• Neurodiversity is natural human neurological variation, not a deficit
• Neurodiversity includes ASD, ADHD, Tourette's, and Dyslexia
• Differences in thinking, learning, and behaving are not deficits
• Neurodiversity promotes equality and inclusion of "neurological minorities."
• The phrase "Neurodiversity is a state of nature to be respected."
• Variations include Dyspraxia and Dyslexia
• Autistic spectrum (ASD) and Tourette's syndrome

Dyspraxia Key Points

• Also known as Phonological Disorder
• Speech sounds are not appropriate for the individual's age and dialect
• Some forms involve inconsistent errors, difficulty sequencing sounds, and vowel distortions

Dyslexia & ADHD Key Points

• Described in the DSM V as Specific Learning Disorder
• Persistent difficulties in learning and using academic skills
• Can be described as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity

Dyscalculia & Autism Spectrum

• Described in the DSM V as Specific Learning Disorder
• Diagnosed if there are persistent difficulties in learning and using academic skills, with onset during the developmental period
• The essential diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorder are persistent deficits in reciprocal social communication

Tourette's Syndrome

• Described in the DSM V as Tourette's Disorder
• Tourette's disorder is characterised by stereotypical but nonrhythmic motor movements and vocalisations
• The vocal tics can be socially offensive, such as loud grunting or barking noises or shouted words, which may be obscenities

strengths-based discourse

• Neurodiversity includes multiple traits, both strengths and challenges
• This can be depending on the neurodiverse variation and its intensity

Strengths in Variation

• Dyspraxia includes creativity, strategic thinking, determination, and motivation
• Dyslexia includes visual processing, spatial knowledge, and creativity
• ADHD includes creativity, innovation, inventiveness, and leadership
• Dyscalculia includes creativity, intuitive thinking, and problem-solving
• Autism Spectrum includes high intelligence, visual thinking, pattern identification, and detailed focus

Neurodiversity Advocacy

• Encourages inclusive, nonjudgmental language
• Many organisations prefer person-first language
• The autistic community prefers identity-first language
• Ask directly about a person’s preferred language and how they want to be addressed

Valued Knowledge

• Knowledge about neurodiversity and respectful language is important for clinicians
• Main points could be deficited to valuing the gifts of needs

The Big Picture

• Neurodiversity includes all neurotypes even those we consider 'the norm'
• Neurodiversity accessibility should also be included

Key Points

• There should be sensitivity, cultural awareness, and strength placed perspectives
• It requires moving beyond 'awareness' and towards 'acceptance
• A 'culture of understanding
• "Sensory, Cultural, and Approach

Language & Communication

• The way we use language and communicate can help foster culturally safe care for neurodiverse people
• The goal is to be inclusive and accepting of people no matter their neurodiverse issues

Social Acceptance

• According to the social model of disability, 'disability' is socially constructed

Medical vs. Social

• In a medical model, "disability" is a health condition while social is a result of the interaction with people living with impairments and barriers.
• The social model seeks to change society in order to accommodate people living with impairment; it does not seek to change persons with impairment
• People with disabilities are people with rights.
• Impairment is a medical condition that leads to disability while disability is a barrier.

Invisible Disabilities

• Relate to a talk that shows why we lack the understanding needed when someone has an invisible disability
• This all can result in frustration on sides if one doesn't understand the others situation
• The horizontals show the right steps one must take by educating, policies, and dialogue.

Key Elements

• The three key elements are as follows: Lack of Accommodations, The Emotional Toll, and Advocacy for Awareness and Inclusion
• By learning these key definitions one can start to learn how to react appropriately

Understanding Perspectives

• The conclusion is "ensure that everyone, regardless of the visibility of their disability, receives the respect and support they deserve."

Definition Terminology

• Gender Identity: A person's internal sense of being a man, woman, both, or neither
• Gender Expression/Role: The way a person acts, dresses, speaks and behaves to show their gender as feminine, masculine, both, or neither
• Birth Sex: The sex (male or female) assigned to a child at birth, based on a child's genitalia
• Transgender: People whose gender identity is not the same as the sex they were assigned at birth
• Gender Non-Conforming: People who express their gender differently than what is culturally expected of them

More Detail On Transgender

• Transgender also encompasses gender affirming process
• This also encompasses a medical way and can often improve mental health and the wellbeing of a person
• Both Transgender man and woman also exist and relate to a variety of things depending
• Trans and term abbreviations are key to keep up as well

Orientation

• Transgender people can be any type depending, and use gender
• Do not call someone things or use labels with bad terms

Different Intellects

• Individuals with different ways of thinking and their unique perspectives are necessary for society to move forward.
• The videos and sources show that these people can create innovations.
• Those in power need to implement lessons learned.