Understanding Injury, Gait, and Posture

Study Notes

Understanding Injury, Gait, and Posture

Sports injuries are common in athletes and non-athletes, impacting physical and mental health, performance, and finances.
Understanding the gait cycle is crucial, as it's essential to daily activities like walking, running, and jumping. Suboptimal gait is a risk factor for injury.
Posture is closely tied to overall health and risk of injury; it often deteriorates with age.

Types of Sports Injuries

Sports injuries are broadly classified as time-loss injuries or those requiring medical attention.
Most injuries affect the musculoskeletal system, including circulatory system, connective tissue, and soft tissues.

Consequences of Injury

Injury can have significant financial implications (lost sponsorships, jobs).
Performance decreases.
Mental health issues can arise.
Physical pain is a common consequence.
Dignity can be lost.
In severe cases injury can result in death.

Common Sports Injuries and Causes

Ankle sprains are the most frequent sports injury.
Injury risk varies by sport due to the repetitive use of specific body parts (e.g., a javelin thrower is at higher risk of shoulder injury).
Acute Injuries: Result from sudden, excessive loading (trauma); the moment of injury is easily identifiable (e.g., sprains, dislocations, fractures).
Chronic Injuries: Develop from overuse or high training loads; the injury onset isn't always clear (e.g., stress fractures, back pain, shin splints).

Injury Risk Factors

Intrinsic Factors: Internal factors like age, sex, body mass, skill level, biomechanics, body anatomy, and mental state.
Extrinsic Factors: Environmental factors such as weather, training setting, sport type, opponent characteristics, playing surface, and equipment.

Measuring Injury Severity

Injury severity is often gauged by the amount of time lost from activity.
- Mild: 0-7 days
- Moderate: 8-21 days
- Severe: 21+ days

Tissue Repair Speed

Tissue repair speed varies by tissue type, with bones typically healing fastest and cartilage/meniscus slowest. Blood flow plays a key role.
Bone > Muscle > Tendon > Ligament > Cartilage/Meniscus

Gait Cycle Changes

Walking initially involves contact with the heel (calcaneus). In a sprint, the point of foot contact moves more forward (anteriorly).

Posture Abnormalities

Kyphosis: An excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine (upper back).
- Causes include osteoporosis, poor childhood posture, and tight hamstrings/weak upper back.
Lordosis: An excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine (lower back).
- Causes are often a combination of weak abdominal muscles and strong lower back muscles, and anterior pelvic tilt.
Scoliosis: An S-shaped curve in the spine.

Description

Explore the critical connections between injury, gait, and posture in athletes and non-athletes alike. This quiz delves into the classification of sports injuries, their consequences, and the importance of maintaining proper gait and posture for overall health. Test your knowledge and gain insights into preventing and managing sports injuries.