Understanding Industry Levels and Functions

Industry Definition

• Industry is the process involved in making things
• Industry is divided into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary

Primary Industry

• Involves obtaining raw materials
• Examples: mining, quarrying, oil and gas drilling, agriculture, forestry, and fishing

Secondary Industry

• Transforms raw materials into finished products
• Examples: tins to trains, needles to nuclear plants, or shoes to satellites

Tertiary Industry

• Does not produce goods for sale
• Enables primary and secondary industry to function effectively
• Examples: office work, transportation, communications, merchants, traders, shopkeepers, giant businesses
• Also includes: healthcare workers, teachers, police officers, entertainers, musicians, lawyers, architects
• Includes: tourism, hospitality, and catering

Cement Production

• A cement factory utilizes mined limestone to produce cement

Mining

• Mining involves extracting metal ores and minerals from the earth.
• Mines are typically underground.
• There are two main types of mines: deep mines and opencast mines.

Deep Mines

• Deep mines involve shafts sunk into the earth.
• Tunnels branch off from the shafts to access ores, coal, or minerals.
• Shafts can extend several kilometers deep, such as diamond mines in South Africa.
• Deep mine work is dangerous, with risks of cave-ins and explosions of poisonous gases.
• Constant maintenance is required, including pumps to remove water.

Opencast Mines

• Opencast mines are used when minerals are close to the surface.
• Large machinery removes upper layers of soil and rock to create large pits.
• Sloping roads provide access for moving trucks loaded with minerals.

Gold

• Gold is valued for its resistance to corrosion and purity.
• Gold is typically found in veins within rocks.
• Extracting one kilogram of gold requires 100 tonnes of gold-bearing rock.

This quiz explores the definitions and levels of industry, including primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. It highlights examples of each industry type and emphasizes their roles in production and service. Test your knowledge of industry processes and their impact on the economy.