Understanding Important Terms in Logic
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Questions and Answers

IMPORTANT TERMS:

  • is defined as a statement that a person asserts as true.

CLAIM

is a verb which means is to state a source or provide an example to support a response.

CITE

is a proof. It is the basis of your belief, an indication of something; the evidence is a support, and these are facts.

EVIDENCE

refers to statements that can be described as true or real.

<p>VALIDITY</p> Signup and view all the answers

any piece of evidence that stands alone to prove an argument.

Example: If a witness says he saw the accused set fire to a building.

<p>Direct Evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

a set of facts that, when taken together, lead to the desired conclusion. Example: If he saw the accused sneakily leaving the building just before the fire broke out.

<p>Indirect Circumstantial Evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Remember to do these things on how to find text evidence. You need to PROVE IT. P-

R-

O-

V-

E-

I-

T-

<p>Passage/Paragraph/Page Reference Offer support View of Author Eye can see it Inference Text Feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

the evidence must be found somewhere in the passage.

<p>PASSAGE</p> Signup and view all the answers

the specific location of the text

<p>REFERENCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

question and the evidence the connection between the

<p>OFFER SUPPORT</p> Signup and view all the answers

provides the author's perspective on the topic.

<p>VIEW OF AUTHOR</p> Signup and view all the answers

something that is seen physically in the text.

<p>EYES CAN SEE IT</p> Signup and view all the answers

be a reading detective; use clues from the text to figure something not stated in the text

<p>INFERENCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

help the reader understand the text. Watch out for the titles, headings, charts, tables, graphs, illustrations, etc.

<p>TEXT FEATURES</p> Signup and view all the answers

is the timeliness of the information

<p>CURRENCY</p> Signup and view all the answers

is the importance of the information for your needs.

<p>RELEVANCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

is the source of information.

<p>AUTHORITY</p> Signup and view all the answers

is the reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of information

<p>ACCURACY</p> Signup and view all the answers

is the reason the information exists

<p>PURPOSE</p> Signup and view all the answers

This type of evidence uses numbers and data to support a claim. It often involves surveys, polls, or research studies. Example: "A recent study showed that 80% of people prefer coffee over tea."

<p>Statistical Evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

This evidence relies on the opinions or statements of experts or people with direct experience. Example: "A doctor says that regular exercise is essential for good health."

<p>Testimonial Evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

This type of evidence draws comparisons between two different situations or things to support an argument. Example: "If a car needs regular maintenance to run well, then our bodies need regular exercise to stay healthy."

<p>Analogical Evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

This evidence is based on personal stories or experiences. While it can be compelling, it's often not considered as strong as other types of evidence because it might not be representative of a larger group. Example: "I know someone who quit smoking and immediately felt better."

<p>Anecdotal Evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

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