Understanding HIV/AIDS and STIs

A chronic, life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the body's immune system.

The final stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely compromised immune system and a high risk of opportunistic infections.

The process of classifying HIV infection based on the stage of the disease and the immune system's health. It helps determine the appropriate treatment and management strategies.

Body fluids that can transmit HIV, including blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk.

The period after HIV infection where the virus is present in the body but there are no noticeable symptoms. It can last for several years and is characterized by normal CD4 cell count.

The initial stage of HIV infection where the immune system is still strong and the virus is actively replicating.

Marked by a decline in the immune system and the emergence of opportunistic infections, often including fever, fatigue, and weight loss.

The most serious stage of HIV infection, defined by a severely compromised immune system, a low number of CD4 T cells, and a high risk of life-threatening opportunistic infections. It can lead to various complications.

A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum.

A highly contagious bacterial infection primarily spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex.

A type of gonorrhea where the bacteria has become resistant to most antibiotics.

An STI caused by a tiny parasite called Trichomonas.

A common bacterial STI that can be asymptomatic in some individuals.

The transmission of an infection from mother to child during childbirth.

The sharing of sexual objects, such as toys, that can transmit infections.

A condition where an STI is present and causes symptoms in one person but not the other.

During the Spanish colonial period, Filipino women played a vital role in the resistance movement against Spanish rule. They joined forces with men, participated in dangerous tasks, and even achieved leadership positions within the revolutionary army.

The Spanish regime imposed traditional roles on Filipino women, limiting them to domestic duties like homemaking and caregiving. However, the Katipunan movement allowed women to break free from these restrictions and contribute to the larger fight for freedom.

Prominent Filipino women like Gabriela Silang, Gregoria de Jesus, and Melchora Aquino demonstrated their bravery and commitment to the revolution. They actively participated in various tasks, aiding the resistance movement in its fight against Spanish colonialism.

The struggle for women's suffrage in the Philippines gained momentum after the American occupation, with educated women advocating for equal voting rights. This movement aimed to challenge the long-standing restrictions that granted voting privileges only to literate men.

In the aftermath of World War II, Filipino women continued to be active participants in the political landscape. However, their representation in mainstream politics remained limited, with a small number of women elected to public office despite their contributions during the war.

The 1937 plebiscite campaign saw the significant participation of women, with 447,725 women voting in favor of the proposed constitution. Women's clubs played a crucial role in mobilizing support and promoting the campaign through various channels.

The ability to speak Spanish was considered crucial for educational advancement in the Philippines. This led to the establishment of schools specifically for women, where they could acquire the necessary language skills to access educational opportunities.

During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines (World War II), Filipino women joined alongside men in the resistance movement against the Japanese forces. This further highlighted their courage and determination to fight for their country's freedom.

Countries with strict separation of church and state often face higher homicide rates, suggesting potential societal issues.

The Catholic Church in the Philippines holds significant influence on political decisions, particularly regarding reproductive and sexual rights.

Priests in Mexico are prohibited from voting, illustrating a separation of church and state policy.

A concept where secularism acts as a bridge between differing religious beliefs, allowing citizens to advocate for policies based on their faith while respecting the views of others.

The Philippines' Constitution emphasizes gender equality and enshrines the role of women in nation-building.

The Philippines' party-list system aims to ensure women's representation in the legislature, recognizing their marginalized status.

Laws prohibiting employment discrimination based on marital status, aiming to protect women's rights in the workplace.

The Philippine law recognizing the vital role of women in nation-building, promoting gender equality and women's empowerment.

A law passed in 1990 that emphasizes the shared responsibility of parents and the state in caring for children.

A 1996 law providing paid leave for fathers to care for their newborn children.

A 1995 law that makes sexual harassment unlawful in workplaces, schools, and training environments.

A law passed in 1995 aimed at providing financial assistance to women who run small businesses and cottage industries.

A law passed in 1997 that expands the definition of rape, reclassifying it as a crime against the person.

A national policy that integrates gender concerns into all development plans and programs.

A plan designed to achieve gender equality in the Philippines. It focuses on three key areas: promoting women's economic empowerment, protecting women's human rights, and promoting gender-responsive governance.

A long-term plan (1995-2025) that promotes gender-responsive development in the Philippines, aiming for equal opportunities and participation for all.

Religious fundamentalism often leads to discrimination and violence against women, rooted in beliefs about female purity and honor. These beliefs justify controlling women's bodies and behaviors, often leading to honor killings and severe punishments.

Women are seen as representatives of their families, communities, and even nations. Violence against women, especially rape, is understood as an attack on the group she represents, leading to further violence against her family or community.

Religious fundamentalisms often emphasize strict interpretations of religious beliefs, rejecting alternative perspectives and promoting hostility towards diverse interpretations.

Controlling women's bodies is a significant aspect of religious fundamentalisms. This control is enforced through restrictions on their sexuality, dress, and social interactions, often rooted in notions of female purity. This control can lead to violence and oppression.

The belief that women's sexuality and behavior reflect on the honor and reputation of their family and community is a central theme in many fundamentalist cultures. This belief influences social norms and justifies violence against women who deviate from these standards.

Religious fundamentalisms can promote a sense of superiority over other groups, leading to discrimination and prejudice. This can manifest in different forms, including racism, sexism, homophobia, and elitism.

Religious fundamentalism can be a significant factor in the occurrence of honor killings. These killings are based on the belief that a woman's actions have dishonored her family or community, and violence is justified to restore honor.

A sense of entitlement and dominance are often associated with religious fundamentalism. This can result in a belief that certain groups deserve to rule or control others, leading to forms of social hierarchy based on religious beliefs.