Understanding Gout and Uric Acid Metabolism

<p>Joint aspiration and polarized light microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psoriasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible presence of inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older men (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic gout (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 10 mg/l (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help alleviate symptoms and prevent future attacks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It alters uric acid levels and may intensify an acute attack (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocks neutrophil migration and reduces inflammatory glycoprotein production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased consumption of skimmed milk and unsaturated fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased serum uric acid levels due to lower drug clearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Etoricoxib (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a narrow therapeutic index, increasing the risk of toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits xanthine oxidase, decreasing uric acid formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal intolerance like diarrhea or nausea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implement weight loss strategies to lower gout risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its use may lead to Steven Johnson syndrome in the initial months of treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use in patients with ongoing chemotherapy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They expose patients to a risk of uric acid stones, especially at treatment onset. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lesinurad acts as a uricosuric agent by inhibiting URAT1. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea, vomiting, joint stiffness, and headaches. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP signaling through P2X7R receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits the metabolism of purines, thus reducing uric acid levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of cardiovascular side effects compared to allopurinol. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be avoided as monotherapy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Febuxostat does not require renal adjustment in moderate renal failure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in your joints, leading to sudden, severe pain and inflammation.

A type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden, severe pain in the joints, typically in the big toe, knees, ankles, wrists and elbows.

The process by which uric acid is produced in the body. It starts with dietary intake of purines, which are broken down into uric acid via the enzyme Xanthine oxidase.

A chemical compound present in our body that is produced during the breakdown of purines. High levels can contribute to gout.

A natural substance found in many foods. They are broken down into uric acid in the body.

A type of enzyme critical in the production of uric acid. It converts xanthine into uric acid.

Deposits of uric acid crystals that can form around joints in people with gout. They are small, hard lumps that can be painful.

Pain that comes on suddenly and gets worse quickly.

Stones that form in the kidneys, sometimes caused by high uric acid levels.

A common cause of gout. It can lead to increased uric acid levels in the body.

Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol and sugary drinks.

Medications that lower the amount of uric acid in the body.

A class of drugs that reduce inflammation and pain, commonly used for gout attacks.

A drug that inhibits the production of inflammatory substances, effectively reducing gout symptoms.

A drug that works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, leading to decreased uric acid production.

A type of NSAID that selectively blocks the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.

A buildup of uric acid in the blood, often leading to gout attacks.

A painful and swollen joint, typically the big toe, caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joint.

A non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is more potent than allopurinol. Reduces uric acid levels but is contraindicated with certain chemotherapeutic drugs due to its mixed metabolism.

A class of drugs that reduce uric acid levels by increasing its excretion in urine. Examples include probenecid, benzbromarone, and sulfinpyrazone.

A selective URAT1 inhibitor used as an add-on therapy when other drugs fail to lower uric acid levels.

A receptor that is activated by ATP, contributing to the development of gouty arthritis by increasing inflammation.

A chemical that promotes inflammation and plays a role in gouty arthritis. It triggers the P2X7R receptor.

Genetic variations in P2X7R function can be linked to the development of gouty arthritis.

The signaling pathway involving ATP and its receptor (P2X7R) plays a crucial role in the progression of gout.

A rare but serious skin reaction that can occur with allopurinol. It usually appears within the first few months of treatment.

A common side effect of febuxostat that affects the skin. It is more likely in people who had skin reactions to allopurinol.