Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which skill area can be improved by focusing on theory of mind skills and language practice?
Which skill area can be improved by focusing on theory of mind skills and language practice?
- Self-regulation
- Problem-solving
- Executive functions
- All of the above (correct)
What is required to take charge of one's own behavior in a goal-directed way?
What is required to take charge of one's own behavior in a goal-directed way?
- Only self-regulation
- Only working memory
- All three skills: self-regulation, working memory, and cognitive flexibility (correct)
- Only cognitive flexibility
What is the main idea behind the number conservation task?
What is the main idea behind the number conservation task?
- To evaluate children's ability to count objects
- To test children's understanding of addition and subtraction
- To assess children's ability to recognize changes in quantity (correct)
- To study children's cognitive flexibility
What is the term for the ability to control one's own behavior and emotions?
What is the term for the ability to control one's own behavior and emotions?
What does the game 'Simon Says' primarily assess in children?
What does the game 'Simon Says' primarily assess in children?
What do children need to do to be successful at the game 'Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders'?
What do children need to do to be successful at the game 'Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders'?
What is the role of private speech in the development of self-control according to Vygotsky?
What is the role of private speech in the development of self-control according to Vygotsky?
What is the benefit of focusing on one or two skill areas that are closely tied to others?
What is the benefit of focusing on one or two skill areas that are closely tied to others?
Why do children need to be cognitively flexible in the game 'Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders'?
Why do children need to be cognitively flexible in the game 'Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders'?
What is the typical response of 3- and 4-year-olds in the number conservation task?
What is the typical response of 3- and 4-year-olds in the number conservation task?
What do developmental scientists assume is necessary for children to reason carefully and construct adequate understandings of facts?
What do developmental scientists assume is necessary for children to reason carefully and construct adequate understandings of facts?
In the game 'Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders', what skill do children need to use to follow the rules?
In the game 'Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders', what skill do children need to use to follow the rules?
What are the three fundamental tools in the cognitive toolkit of success?
What are the three fundamental tools in the cognitive toolkit of success?
What is the primary function of working memory?
What is the primary function of working memory?
According to Piaget's claim, how does a preschooler's thinking initially operate?
According to Piaget's claim, how does a preschooler's thinking initially operate?
What is a simple way to test working memory capacity?
What is a simple way to test working memory capacity?
How many digits can an average adult typically recall in a digit span test?
How many digits can an average adult typically recall in a digit span test?
What is the term for the voluntary inhibition of a dominant response?
What is the term for the voluntary inhibition of a dominant response?
What do executive functions enable us to do?
What do executive functions enable us to do?
What is the term for the process of planning and problem-solving to achieve goals?
What is the term for the process of planning and problem-solving to achieve goals?
Higher SES children are more likely to start school with an understanding of relative size of different numbers.
Higher SES children are more likely to start school with an understanding of relative size of different numbers.
The game 'The Great Race' is designed to improve language skills in preschoolers.
The game 'The Great Race' is designed to improve language skills in preschoolers.
Exploratory play in early childhood is beneficial for learning about spatial relations and numerical relations.
Exploratory play in early childhood is beneficial for learning about spatial relations and numerical relations.
The number board game 'The Great Race' is similar to a game of chess.
The number board game 'The Great Race' is similar to a game of chess.
Researchers found that preschoolers who played 'The Great Race' game showed significant improvement in their number line estimation skills.
Researchers found that preschoolers who played 'The Great Race' game showed significant improvement in their number line estimation skills.
Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study found that exploratory play has no direct benefits for learning about number equivalence.
Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study found that exploratory play has no direct benefits for learning about number equivalence.
Some children can do a good job on “number line estimation” at the beginning of preschool.
Some children can do a good job on “number line estimation” at the beginning of preschool.
Children who can demonstrate complete mastery of the concept of number are considered to have a deep understanding of the concept.
Children who can demonstrate complete mastery of the concept of number are considered to have a deep understanding of the concept.
Researchers today make high demands on children before granting them the presence of a skill.
Researchers today make high demands on children before granting them the presence of a skill.
Experience can hinder preschoolers’ number understanding.
Experience can hinder preschoolers’ number understanding.
Siegler's studies showed that preschoolers have a fixed understanding of numbers that cannot be improved.
Siegler's studies showed that preschoolers have a fixed understanding of numbers that cannot be improved.
Children's number understanding increases in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Children's number understanding increases in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Piaget's number conservation task involves comparing two sets of candies with different quantities.
Piaget's number conservation task involves comparing two sets of candies with different quantities.
Vygotsky believed that language is unimportant for the development of self-control.
Vygotsky believed that language is unimportant for the development of self-control.
Three- and four-year-olds typically recognize that the number of candies remains the same even when the arrangement is changed.
Three- and four-year-olds typically recognize that the number of candies remains the same even when the arrangement is changed.
The 'Tools of the Mind' intervention focuses solely on improving language skills.
The 'Tools of the Mind' intervention focuses solely on improving language skills.
Executive functioning skills are only important for academic success.
Executive functioning skills are only important for academic success.
Children's number skills are unrelated to their cognitive development.
Children's number skills are unrelated to their cognitive development.
Play-based learning is not an effective way to improve executive functions.
Play-based learning is not an effective way to improve executive functions.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
What is the primary focus of researchers today in understanding children's number sense?
What is the primary focus of researchers today in understanding children's number sense?
What did Siegler's studies find about preschoolers' number understanding?
What did Siegler's studies find about preschoolers' number understanding?
What is the characteristic of higher SES children in terms of number sense?
What is the characteristic of higher SES children in terms of number sense?
What is a key factor in a child's ability to understand the relative size of different numbers?
What is a key factor in a child's ability to understand the relative size of different numbers?
What is the approach to resolving the dispute about children's understanding of concepts like number?
What is the approach to resolving the dispute about children's understanding of concepts like number?
What can help children advance from one level of number understanding to another?
What can help children advance from one level of number understanding to another?
What is the main benefit of toddlers and young preschoolers engaging in exploratory play?
What is the main benefit of toddlers and young preschoolers engaging in exploratory play?
What is the ability of some children to do at the beginning of first grade?
What is the ability of some children to do at the beginning of first grade?
What was the finding of Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study on children's exploratory play?
What was the finding of Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study on children's exploratory play?
What is the primary goal of the number board game 'The Great Race'?
What is the primary goal of the number board game 'The Great Race'?
What is a key benefit of play-based learning for cognitive development in early childhood?
What is a key benefit of play-based learning for cognitive development in early childhood?
What is a key area of math skills that is foundational for acquiring other math skills?
What is a key area of math skills that is foundational for acquiring other math skills?
What is the primary purpose of the number conservation task?
What is the primary purpose of the number conservation task?
What is the benefit of using play-based learning to improve executive functions?
What is the benefit of using play-based learning to improve executive functions?
According to Vygotsky, what role does private speech play in the development of self-control?
According to Vygotsky, what role does private speech play in the development of self-control?
What is the typical response of preschoolers in the number conservation task when the arrangement of candies is changed?
What is the typical response of preschoolers in the number conservation task when the arrangement of candies is changed?
What is the key idea behind the 'Tools of the Mind' intervention?
What is the key idea behind the 'Tools of the Mind' intervention?
What is the relationship between number sense and cognitive development?
What is the relationship between number sense and cognitive development?
What is the benefit of focusing on one or two skill areas that are closely tied to others?
What is the benefit of focusing on one or two skill areas that are closely tied to others?
What is the significance of understanding numbers in early childhood education?
What is the significance of understanding numbers in early childhood education?
Lower SES children are more likely to start school with an understanding of relative size of different numbers.
Lower SES children are more likely to start school with an understanding of relative size of different numbers.
The number board game 'The Great Race' is designed to improve language skills in preschoolers.
The number board game 'The Great Race' is designed to improve language skills in preschoolers.
Experience can improve preschoolers’ number understanding.
Experience can improve preschoolers’ number understanding.
Children's number understanding decreases in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Children's number understanding decreases in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Play-based learning is an effective way to improve math skills in early childhood.
Play-based learning is an effective way to improve math skills in early childhood.
The primary function of working memory is to temporarily hold information for problem-solving.
The primary function of working memory is to temporarily hold information for problem-solving.
Children's number understanding remains constant and does not increase in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Children's number understanding remains constant and does not increase in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Siegler's studies showed that experience can hinder preschoolers' number understanding.
Siegler's studies showed that experience can hinder preschoolers' number understanding.
Higher SES children are more likely to start school with a poor understanding of relative size of different numbers.
Higher SES children are more likely to start school with a poor understanding of relative size of different numbers.
Researchers today make high demands on children before granting them the presence of a skill.
Researchers today make high demands on children before granting them the presence of a skill.
Some children can accurately perform number line estimation at the beginning of preschool.
Some children can accurately perform number line estimation at the beginning of preschool.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
Piaget’s number conservation task involves comparing two sets of candies with the same quantities.
Piaget’s number conservation task involves comparing two sets of candies with the same quantities.
The 'Tools of the Mind' intervention focuses solely on improving language skills.
The 'Tools of the Mind' intervention focuses solely on improving language skills.
Vygotsky believed that language is important for the development of self-control.
Vygotsky believed that language is important for the development of self-control.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
Executive functioning skills are only important for academic success.
Executive functioning skills are only important for academic success.
Children's number skills are unrelated to their cognitive development.
Children's number skills are unrelated to their cognitive development.
Play-based learning is not an effective way to improve executive functions.
Play-based learning is not an effective way to improve executive functions.
Three- and four-year-olds typically recognize that the number of candies changes when the arrangement is changed.
Three- and four-year-olds typically recognize that the number of candies changes when the arrangement is changed.
What is the primary factor contributing to the difference in number sense between higher and lower SES children?
What is the primary factor contributing to the difference in number sense between higher and lower SES children?
What skill do children develop through exploratory play?
What skill do children develop through exploratory play?
What is the primary goal of the number board game 'The Great Race'?
What is the primary goal of the number board game 'The Great Race'?
What is the finding of Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study on children's exploratory play?
What is the finding of Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study on children's exploratory play?
What is the characteristic of higher SES children in terms of number sense?
What is the characteristic of higher SES children in terms of number sense?
What is the primary benefit of play-based learning in early childhood education?
What is the primary benefit of play-based learning in early childhood education?
What is the primary focus of researchers today in understanding children's number sense?
What is the primary focus of researchers today in understanding children's number sense?
According to Siegler's studies, what is true about preschoolers' number understanding?
According to Siegler's studies, what is true about preschoolers' number understanding?
What characterizes higher SES children in terms of number sense at the beginning of first grade?
What characterizes higher SES children in terms of number sense at the beginning of first grade?
What is a key factor in a child's ability to understand the relative size of different numbers?
What is a key factor in a child's ability to understand the relative size of different numbers?
What is the approach to resolving the dispute about children's understanding of concepts like number?
What is the approach to resolving the dispute about children's understanding of concepts like number?
What can help children advance from one level of number understanding to another?
What can help children advance from one level of number understanding to another?
What is the primary reason why focusing on one or two skill areas can lead to improvements in multiple areas?
What is the primary reason why focusing on one or two skill areas can lead to improvements in multiple areas?
What is the term for the ability to understand that the number of items remains the same despite changes in their arrangement?
What is the term for the ability to understand that the number of items remains the same despite changes in their arrangement?
What is the name of the intervention that uses teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions?
What is the name of the intervention that uses teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions?
What is the primary benefit of using play-based learning to improve executive functions?
What is the primary benefit of using play-based learning to improve executive functions?
What is the role of language in the development of self-control according to Vygotsky?
What is the role of language in the development of self-control according to Vygotsky?
What is the characteristic of children's number understanding as they progress through school?
What is the characteristic of children's number understanding as they progress through school?
What is the primary function of private speech in the development of self-control?
What is the primary function of private speech in the development of self-control?
What is the relationship between executive functioning and academic success?
What is the relationship between executive functioning and academic success?
Children who engage in exploratory play tend to perform poorly in number line estimation tasks.
Children who engage in exploratory play tend to perform poorly in number line estimation tasks.
The number board game 'The Great Race' is primarily designed to improve language skills in preschoolers.
The number board game 'The Great Race' is primarily designed to improve language skills in preschoolers.
Lower SES children tend to perform better than higher SES children in number sense tasks at the beginning of preschool.
Lower SES children tend to perform better than higher SES children in number sense tasks at the beginning of preschool.
Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study found that exploratory play has no benefits for learning about number equivalence.
Mix, Moore, and Holcomb's study found that exploratory play has no benefits for learning about number equivalence.
Siegler's studies showed that preschoolers have a fixed understanding of numbers that cannot be improved through play.
Siegler's studies showed that preschoolers have a fixed understanding of numbers that cannot be improved through play.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on a single skill area is the most effective approach to improving development.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on a single skill area is the most effective approach to improving development.
Researchers today often focus on specifying what those levels of understanding are and determining what kinds of experiences hinder children to advance from one level to another.
Researchers today often focus on specifying what those levels of understanding are and determining what kinds of experiences hinder children to advance from one level to another.
Siegler's studies found that preschoolers have a fixed understanding of numbers that cannot be improved through experience.
Siegler's studies found that preschoolers have a fixed understanding of numbers that cannot be improved through experience.
Higher SES children are more likely to start preschool with an understanding of relative size of different numbers.
Higher SES children are more likely to start preschool with an understanding of relative size of different numbers.
Children's number understanding decreases in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Children's number understanding decreases in depth and breadth as they progress through school.
Experience is not an important factor in determining children's number sense.
Experience is not an important factor in determining children's number sense.
Researchers today make high demands on children before granting them the presence of a skill.
Researchers today make high demands on children before granting them the presence of a skill.
Executive functioning skills are only relevant to young children's academic performance.
Executive functioning skills are only relevant to young children's academic performance.
The 'Tools of the Mind' intervention focuses solely on language skills development.
The 'Tools of the Mind' intervention focuses solely on language skills development.
Children's number understanding remains stable and unchanged throughout their school years.
Children's number understanding remains stable and unchanged throughout their school years.
Vygotsky believed that language plays a crucial role in the development of self-control.
Vygotsky believed that language plays a crucial role in the development of self-control.
Play-based learning is not an effective way to improve executive functions in young children.
Play-based learning is not an effective way to improve executive functions in young children.
Piaget's number conservation task involves comparing two sets of candies with different quantities.
Piaget's number conservation task involves comparing two sets of candies with different quantities.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
Developmental scientists believe that focusing on multiple skill areas simultaneously is the most effective approach to improving development.
Knowledge of numbers is unrelated to cognitive development.
Knowledge of numbers is unrelated to cognitive development.
Study Notes
Executive Functions
- Executive functions (EFs) are a set of general abilities needed to purposefully complete a task or reach a goal, especially in new situations.
- The three fundamental tools in the EFs toolkit are:
- Working memory
- Self-regulation (or inhibitory control)
- Cognitive flexibility
- EFs allow us to control and regulate our attention and behavior, and make it possible for us to do tasks that require conscious mental effort, such as planning and problem solving.
Testing Executive Functions
- Games like "Simon Says" and "Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders" are often used to assess self-regulation, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in children.
- In "Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders", children must:
- Keep the rules available in their working memory
- Inhibit their dominant responses
- Be cognitively flexible, shifting attention between the instruction and the rule
Development of Executive Functions
- Advancing executive functions are necessary for children to reason carefully and construct adequate understandings of the facts they learn.
- Other skills, such as theory of mind and language skills, also help improve executive functioning.
- Language, especially private speech, is important for the development of self-control.
Interventions
- Interventions like "Tools of the Mind" use teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions, leading to gains in self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and problem solving.
Understanding Numbers
- Knowledge of numbers is central to cognitive development.
- Piaget's number conservation task is used to assess children's understanding of numbers.
Working Memory
- Working memory holds information that we are thinking about at the moment.
- Working memory has a limited capacity, which increases with age.
- A digit span test can be used to test working memory capacity.
- Children's working memory capacity:
- 2-year-olds: about 1 digit
- 4-year-olds: 2-3 digits
- 12-year-olds: about 6 digits
- Average adults: about 7 digits
Importance of Number Sense
- Children's understanding of relative size of numbers (e.g., 4 is twice as big as 2) is foundational for acquiring other math skills.
- Lower SES children are less likely to start school with this skill compared to higher SES children.
Role of Play in Cognitive Development
- Playing counting and number games, such as board games, can improve "number line estimation" skills in preschoolers.
- Toddlers and young preschoolers engage in exploratory play, manipulating objects to learn about properties, spatial relations, numerical relations, and categorical relations.
Understanding Number Equivalence
- Children who fail to match one set of items with an equivalent set (e.g., 3 turtles with 3 flowers) can benefit from exploratory play to learn about number equivalence.
Research on Children's Understanding of Numbers
- Researchers today tend to make minimal demands on children and grant them the presence of a skill even when their success can be easily disrupted by increased demands.
- Authors like Siegler have shown how experience can help preschoolers' number understanding advance from one level to another.
Executive Functions and Cognitive Development
- Executive functions (EFs) support the development of many skills, such as theory of mind and language skills.
- These skills, in turn, help improve executive functioning.
- Language acquisition, for example, advances self-regulation skills.
Interventions and Development
- Influences on development can be bidirectional, and focusing on one area can improve multiple skill areas.
- Interventions like "Tools of the Mind" use teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions, leading to gains in self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and problem solving.
Piaget's Number Conservation Task
- Piaget's task involves laying out two sets of items (e.g., candies) and asking children if the two rows have the same number or not.
- 3- and 4-year-olds typically recognize that the two rows have the same number of candies, but when the appearance of the second row is changed, preschoolers often think the number has changed too.
Importance of Number Sense
- Children's understanding of relative size of numbers (e.g., 4 is twice as big as 2) is foundational for acquiring other math skills.
- Lower SES children are less likely to start school with this skill compared to higher SES children.
Role of Play in Cognitive Development
- Playing counting and number games, such as board games, can improve "number line estimation" skills in preschoolers.
- Toddlers and young preschoolers engage in exploratory play, manipulating objects to learn about properties, spatial relations, numerical relations, and categorical relations.
Understanding Number Equivalence
- Children who fail to match one set of items with an equivalent set (e.g., 3 turtles with 3 flowers) can benefit from exploratory play to learn about number equivalence.
Research on Children's Understanding of Numbers
- Researchers today tend to make minimal demands on children and grant them the presence of a skill even when their success can be easily disrupted by increased demands.
- Authors like Siegler have shown how experience can help preschoolers' number understanding advance from one level to another.
Executive Functions and Cognitive Development
- Executive functions (EFs) support the development of many skills, such as theory of mind and language skills.
- These skills, in turn, help improve executive functioning.
- Language acquisition, for example, advances self-regulation skills.
Interventions and Development
- Influences on development can be bidirectional, and focusing on one area can improve multiple skill areas.
- Interventions like "Tools of the Mind" use teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions, leading to gains in self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and problem solving.
Piaget's Number Conservation Task
- Piaget's task involves laying out two sets of items (e.g., candies) and asking children if the two rows have the same number or not.
- 3- and 4-year-olds typically recognize that the two rows have the same number of candies, but when the appearance of the second row is changed, preschoolers often think the number has changed too.
Importance of Number Sense
- Children's understanding of relative size of numbers (e.g., 4 is twice as big as 2) is foundational for acquiring other math skills.
- Lower SES children are less likely to start school with this skill compared to higher SES children.
Role of Play in Cognitive Development
- Playing counting and number games, such as board games, can improve "number line estimation" skills in preschoolers.
- Toddlers and young preschoolers engage in exploratory play, manipulating objects to learn about properties, spatial relations, numerical relations, and categorical relations.
Understanding Number Equivalence
- Children who fail to match one set of items with an equivalent set (e.g., 3 turtles with 3 flowers) can benefit from exploratory play to learn about number equivalence.
Research on Children's Understanding of Numbers
- Researchers today tend to make minimal demands on children and grant them the presence of a skill even when their success can be easily disrupted by increased demands.
- Authors like Siegler have shown how experience can help preschoolers' number understanding advance from one level to another.
Executive Functions and Cognitive Development
- Executive functions (EFs) support the development of many skills, such as theory of mind and language skills.
- These skills, in turn, help improve executive functioning.
- Language acquisition, for example, advances self-regulation skills.
Interventions and Development
- Influences on development can be bidirectional, and focusing on one area can improve multiple skill areas.
- Interventions like "Tools of the Mind" use teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions, leading to gains in self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and problem solving.
Piaget's Number Conservation Task
- Piaget's task involves laying out two sets of items (e.g., candies) and asking children if the two rows have the same number or not.
- 3- and 4-year-olds typically recognize that the two rows have the same number of candies, but when the appearance of the second row is changed, preschoolers often think the number has changed too.
Importance of Number Sense
- Children's understanding of relative size of numbers (e.g., 4 is twice as big as 2) is foundational for acquiring other math skills.
- Lower SES children are less likely to start school with this skill compared to higher SES children.
Role of Play in Cognitive Development
- Playing counting and number games, such as board games, can improve "number line estimation" skills in preschoolers.
- Toddlers and young preschoolers engage in exploratory play, manipulating objects to learn about properties, spatial relations, numerical relations, and categorical relations.
Understanding Number Equivalence
- Children who fail to match one set of items with an equivalent set (e.g., 3 turtles with 3 flowers) can benefit from exploratory play to learn about number equivalence.
Research on Children's Understanding of Numbers
- Researchers today tend to make minimal demands on children and grant them the presence of a skill even when their success can be easily disrupted by increased demands.
- Authors like Siegler have shown how experience can help preschoolers' number understanding advance from one level to another.
Executive Functions and Cognitive Development
- Executive functions (EFs) support the development of many skills, such as theory of mind and language skills.
- These skills, in turn, help improve executive functioning.
- Language acquisition, for example, advances self-regulation skills.
Interventions and Development
- Influences on development can be bidirectional, and focusing on one area can improve multiple skill areas.
- Interventions like "Tools of the Mind" use teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions, leading to gains in self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and problem solving.
Piaget's Number Conservation Task
- Piaget's task involves laying out two sets of items (e.g., candies) and asking children if the two rows have the same number or not.
- 3- and 4-year-olds typically recognize that the two rows have the same number of candies, but when the appearance of the second row is changed, preschoolers often think the number has changed too.
Importance of Number Sense
- Children's understanding of relative size of numbers (e.g., 4 is twice as big as 2) is foundational for acquiring other math skills.
- Lower SES children are less likely to start school with this skill compared to higher SES children.
Role of Play in Cognitive Development
- Playing counting and number games, such as board games, can improve "number line estimation" skills in preschoolers.
- Toddlers and young preschoolers engage in exploratory play, manipulating objects to learn about properties, spatial relations, numerical relations, and categorical relations.
Understanding Number Equivalence
- Children who fail to match one set of items with an equivalent set (e.g., 3 turtles with 3 flowers) can benefit from exploratory play to learn about number equivalence.
Research on Children's Understanding of Numbers
- Researchers today tend to make minimal demands on children and grant them the presence of a skill even when their success can be easily disrupted by increased demands.
- Authors like Siegler have shown how experience can help preschoolers' number understanding advance from one level to another.
Executive Functions and Cognitive Development
- Executive functions (EFs) support the development of many skills, such as theory of mind and language skills.
- These skills, in turn, help improve executive functioning.
- Language acquisition, for example, advances self-regulation skills.
Interventions and Development
- Influences on development can be bidirectional, and focusing on one area can improve multiple skill areas.
- Interventions like "Tools of the Mind" use teacher-guided role play to improve children's executive functions, leading to gains in self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, and problem solving.
Piaget's Number Conservation Task
- Piaget's task involves laying out two sets of items (e.g., candies) and asking children if the two rows have the same number or not.
- 3- and 4-year-olds typically recognize that the two rows have the same number of candies, but when the appearance of the second row is changed, preschoolers often think the number has changed too.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of executive functions in children, including tasks that involve taking charge of one's own behavior in a goal-directed way. The 'Simon Says' game is used as an example to demonstrate these skills.
