Understanding Globalization Concepts
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What is the main argument made by the Latin American Structuralist Approach?

  • Developed countries followed a path that led to their current state, and poor countries can follow the same path.
  • Poor countries are underdeveloped due to the over-reliance on primary commodity exports, leading to fluctuating prices and downward trends in value. (correct)
  • Global socialism is the only solution to combat global poverty.
  • Capitalist market systems are the sole cause of stratification in the world.

    • Which of the following IS NOT a criticism of Dependency Theory?

  • It overlooks the role of industrial capacity in developing nations. (correct)
  • It ignores the influence of cultural factors and political regimes on poverty.
  • It offers practical solutions to combat global poverty.
  • It focuses solely on capitalist market systems as the cause of poverty.

    • What is a key difference between the North American Neo-Marxist Approach and the Latin American Structuralist Approach?

  • The North American approach emphasizes the role of cultural factors, while the Latin American approach focuses on economic factors.
  • The North American approach advocates for global socialism, while the Latin American approach focuses on internal development.
  • The North American approach focuses on the role of technology, while the Latin American approach focuses on the role of trade.
  • The North American approach believes poor countries can follow the developed countries' path, while the Latin American approach argues they cannot. (correct)

    • What is a common consequence of corporations buying raw materials cheaply from poor countries?

    <p>Profits bypass poor countries and go to richer nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy proposed by the Latin American Structuralist Approach to combat underdevelopment?

    <p>Adopting policies that promote autonomous and sustainable development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason why the North American Neo-Marxist Approach is criticized by the text?

    <p>It offers no practical solutions to global poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major weakness of Dependency Theory, according to the text?

    <p>Lack of focus on internal factors contributing to poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Latin American Structuralist Approach?

    <p>It emphasizes the importance of industrial capacity in developing nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epoch marks the beginning of the globalization of religion?

    <p>Globalization of Religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key components of economic globalization?

    <p>Interdependence of world economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical event is noted as a significant contributor to globalization according to Gibbon?

    <p>Roman conquests prior to Christ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of globalization does the term 'economic globalization' primarily reflect?

    <p>Mutual integration of market frontiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is associated with the heyday of European imperialism?

    <p>Mid-19th century to 1918</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which voyage is credited to Ferdinand Magellan?

    <p>Circumnavigation of the globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered part of the impact of globalization?

    <p>High levels of independence among nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the rampage of Genghis Khan in the 13th century illustrate about globalization?

    <p>The effects of military conquest on global integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of globalization on agricultural production in the South?

    <p>It increases dependence on exports from the North.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory focuses on how poorer countries have been exploited by wealthier nations?

    <p>Dependency Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who initially developed the Dependency Theory?

    <p>Hans Singer and Paul Prebisch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Dependency Theory, what characterizes peripheral nations?

    <p>They are less developed and receive less wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the High Mass Consumption stage in globalization relate to?

    <p>A shift towards consumer wants over needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence faced by cities due to globalization, according to the context provided?

    <p>Struggles with local political issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a relationship between core and peripheral nations?

    <p>Core nations rely heavily on natural resources from peripheral nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of products are peripheral nations increasingly producing for export?

    <p>Non-traditional agricultural products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of economic globalization?

    <p>Companies competing with each other for the best prices and production locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the multiplier effect?

    <p>The phenomenon where one economic activity leads to an increase in other activities, creating a chain reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative consequence of increased efficiency, according to the text?

    <p>Environmental damage from increased production and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge for the future, mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reducing global poverty while also protecting the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point of the quote "The way globalization is occurring could be much better, but the worst thing is not being part of it." ?

    <p>There are better ways to achieve globalization, but it's necessary to be involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a primary argument made by environmentalists regarding globalization?

    <p>Globalization can lead to unsustainable levels of consumption and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a benefit associated with economic globalization?

    <p>Increased global income inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point of the text regarding the relationship between economic globalization and the environment?

    <p>Economic globalization is necessary for poverty reduction, but it comes at a high environmental cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the terms "First World" and "Third World" and the terms "Global North" and "Global South"?

    <p>The terms &quot;Global North&quot; and &quot;Global South&quot; focus on economic and social disparities, while &quot;First World&quot; and &quot;Third World&quot; were primarily based on political alliances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of economic policy is characterized by systematic government intervention in foreign trade to protect domestic producers?

    <p>Protectionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a non-tariff barrier to free trade?

    <p>Tariffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'leapfrogging' refer to in the context of globalization?

    <p>Countries rapidly adopting advanced technologies without going through earlier stages of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a significant change that contributed to the emergence of globalization in the latter half of the 20th century?

    <p>The widespread adoption of fair trade practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'demographic transition' refer to?

    <p>The gradual decline in birth and death rates in a country or region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a non-tariff barrier used to restrict trade?

    <p>A quota limiting the amount of imported rice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of trade liberalization?

    <p>To promote the free exchange of goods and services between nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between protectionism and trade liberalization?

    <p>Protectionism restricts trade while trade liberalization encourages trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Defining Globalization

    • Globalization is a complex process with various perspectives
    • Cultural Differentialism: Cultures are fundamentally different and only superficially affected by global flows, potentially leading to catastrophic collisions. Huntington's clash of civilizations theory exemplifies this.
    • Cultural Hybridization: Globalization is a creative process leading to the integration of local and global cultures, forming unique hybrid entities. Concepts like glocalization (interpenetration of global and local) and Appadurai's scapes (people, tech, finance, media) are central.
    • Cultural Convergence: Globalization leads to cultural homogenization, strongly altering cultures and potentially resulting in cultural imperialism. Deterritorialization (difficulty of tying culture to a geographic origin) is a key concept.

    Globalization and Regionalization

    • Regionalization is a counter-globalization trend, as regional organizations prioritize regional partners over global ones.
    • Globalization integrates economies across borders, fostering free trade.
    • Regionalization divides areas into smaller units, potentially leading to monopolies.

    Origins and History of Globalization

    • Globalization is a cyclical process, with different epochs and events marking its development.
    • Hardwired: Human desires for better lives (commerce, religion, politics, welfare) have driven globalization throughout history.
    • Cycles: Globalization has periods of expansion and contraction, including various time periods with global events that affected its progress.
    • Epochs (Waves): Globalization epochs are identified by periods like religious globalization, European colonialism, European imperialism, post-World War II, and the post-Cold War period.
    • Events: Specific historical events, such as Roman conquests, voyages of discovery, and the emergence of multinational corporations, and other key global events throughout the 20th century, are crucial turning points in globalization.

    Economic Globalization and Global Economy

    • Economic globalization is the increasing interdependence of world economies. This is driven by cross-border trade (goods and services), international capital flows, and spreading technology.
    • Protectionism: Policies that systematically govern foreign trade to support domestic production.
    • Trade Liberalization (Free Trade): The removal/reduction of trade restrictions between countries to foster free exchange.
    • Leapfrogging: Skipping to more efficient technologies, which is feasible for some emerging nations.
    • Fair trade: Economic development with concerns about social, economic, and environmental well-being of marginalized producers.

    Global Inequality

    • Wealth inequality: The unequal distribution of overall national assets.
    • Income inequality: The unequal distribution of earnings.

    Environmental Degradation

    • Development, specifically economic development (like the Industrial Revolution), has hastened environmental degradation.
    • Issues include atmosphere damage by carbon emissions, coral reef destruction, and increased waste disposal.
    • Environmentalists emphasize the priority of environmental concerns over economic priorities like free trade.

    Global Food Security

    • Global food security emphasizes delivering sufficient food worldwide, considering challenges like population growth, climate change, and water scarcity.
    • Today's food demands will be significantly higher as global populations grow.
    • Environmental issues, like deforestation, are related to food security issues.

    The Third World and the Global South

    • Third World and Global South are terms that originated during the Cold War and categorize countries outside the Western capitalist and Eastern communist blocks.
    • The terms have continued to be used since the Cold War as a way to identify countries with a common need to improve their socioeconomic status.

    Theories of Global Stratification

    • Modernization Theory: Affluence can be attained by anyone. Modernization advances through technological change and a shift in social norms to match technology.
    • Dependency Theory: Poor countries are exploited by richer ones, making it difficult to achieve independent development. The theory notes that wealth distribution is unequal and that the wealthier countries receive all of the resources and wealth in the world.

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    Related Documents

    Defining Globalization (CONTEMP REV.PDF)

    Description

    This quiz explores the multifaceted nature of globalization, including cultural differentialism, hybridization, and convergence. Delve into the implications of these theories and the effects of regionalization as a counter-trend. Test your understanding of how these concepts shape our global society.

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