Chapter 3 MC
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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor that increases the risk of breast cancer according to the text?

  • Age (correct)
  • Diet
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
  • What is the primary way that most breast cancers are detected?

  • Clinical breast examination (correct)
  • Lymph node enlargement
  • Ultrasound visualization
  • Nipple discharge
  • In breast cancer staging, what does the 'T4' designation indicate?

  • Tumor with extension to the skin or chest wall (correct)
  • Metastasis to distant organs
  • Tumor size less than 1 cm
  • No tumor present
  • Which biomarkers are mentioned in relation to breast cancer prognosis?

    <p>Histologic grade and hormone receptor status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assigned as the pathological prognostic stage group if the recurrence score is less than 11?

    <p>Group IA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'M0' designation indicate in breast cancer staging?

    <p>No distant metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to appropriately assess extra risk in cancer cases?

    <p>Using the insurable range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumors have the third highest incidence and death rates?

    <p>Colon and rectal tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences survival in melanoma cases, making it more aggressive?

    <p>Race and gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unusual for melanoma within a dysplastic nevus?

    <p>Existing skin lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key characteristics that define a classic melanoma?

    <p>$B = $ border irregularity, $C = $ color variation, $D = $ diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm, $E = $ evolving with changes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor imparts a higher risk of melanoma compared to overall time spent in the sun?

    <p>Intense sun exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected survival rate for cases with well-grade tumors?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of tumor size, what survival rate is associated with tumors between 0-1 cm?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For cases with poor-grade tumors, what is the survival rate at 10 years after diagnosis?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which node status group demonstrates the highest mortality rate among breast cancer cases?

    <p>4+ Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At 15 years after diagnosis, which combination of tumor size, grade, and node status would likely show the best overall survival rate?

    <p>&gt;2.1 cm, Well, 4+ Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the survival rate at 5 years post-diagnosis for cases with tumors over 2 cm in size?

    <p>&lt;50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common intent of employing surgery in colon cancer cases?

    <p>Palliative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what interval is colonoscopy generally performed postoperatively?

    <p>Every 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Stage I colon cancer cases have a high probability of cure?

    <p>94% - 96%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to SEER Data, what is the mortality rate of Stage IV colon cancer within the first 5 years?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on grade, which category of colon cancer patients has the highest mortality rate according to SEER Data?

    <p>&gt;50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data was used to analyze Colon Cancer Mortality by Node Status on page 114?

    <p>SEER Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of acral lentiginous melanoma as mentioned in the text?

    <p>It often occurs under the nail or on the sole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes acral lentiginous melanoma from other subtypes?

    <p>More common in individuals with black or dark complexions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when the text mentions that the measured depth on pathological examination can be less than the true prognostic depth?

    <p>There may be deeper invasion not visible upon examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor associated with a better response and outcome in melanoma treatment?

    <p>Thinner tumors and younger age at diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about tumor regression in melanoma is accurate?

    <p>Indicates that the tumor was thinner at a previous point in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for a dermatopathologist to distinguish between an atypical nevus and an early melanoma?

    <p>To ensure appropriate management of the skin lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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