Chapter 3 MC

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What is the main factor that increases the risk of breast cancer according to the text?

Age (correct)

Diet

Gender

Ethnicity

What is the primary way that most breast cancers are detected?

Clinical breast examination (correct)

Lymph node enlargement

Ultrasound visualization

Nipple discharge

In breast cancer staging, what does the 'T4' designation indicate?

Tumor with extension to the skin or chest wall (correct)

Metastasis to distant organs

Tumor size less than 1 cm

No tumor present

Which biomarkers are mentioned in relation to breast cancer prognosis?

Histologic grade and hormone receptor status Signup and view all the answers

What should be assigned as the pathological prognostic stage group if the recurrence score is less than 11?

Group IA Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M0' designation indicate in breast cancer staging?

No distant metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to appropriately assess extra risk in cancer cases?

Using the insurable range Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumors have the third highest incidence and death rates?

Colon and rectal tumors Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences survival in melanoma cases, making it more aggressive?

Race and gender Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unusual for melanoma within a dysplastic nevus?

Existing skin lesion Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics that define a classic melanoma?

$B = $ border irregularity, $C = $ color variation, $D = $ diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm, $E = $ evolving with changes over time Signup and view all the answers

Which factor imparts a higher risk of melanoma compared to overall time spent in the sun?

Intense sun exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected survival rate for cases with well-grade tumors?

50% Signup and view all the answers

In terms of tumor size, what survival rate is associated with tumors between 0-1 cm?

50% Signup and view all the answers

For cases with poor-grade tumors, what is the survival rate at 10 years after diagnosis?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Which node status group demonstrates the highest mortality rate among breast cancer cases?

4+ Nodes Signup and view all the answers

At 15 years after diagnosis, which combination of tumor size, grade, and node status would likely show the best overall survival rate?

>2.1 cm, Well, 4+ Nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the survival rate at 5 years post-diagnosis for cases with tumors over 2 cm in size?

<50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the common intent of employing surgery in colon cancer cases?

Palliative Signup and view all the answers

At what interval is colonoscopy generally performed postoperatively?

Every 1 year Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Stage I colon cancer cases have a high probability of cure?

94% - 96% Signup and view all the answers

According to SEER Data, what is the mortality rate of Stage IV colon cancer within the first 5 years?

5% Signup and view all the answers

Based on grade, which category of colon cancer patients has the highest mortality rate according to SEER Data?

>50% Signup and view all the answers

What type of data was used to analyze Colon Cancer Mortality by Node Status on page 114?

SEER Data Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of acral lentiginous melanoma as mentioned in the text?

It often occurs under the nail or on the sole Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes acral lentiginous melanoma from other subtypes?

More common in individuals with black or dark complexions Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when the text mentions that the measured depth on pathological examination can be less than the true prognostic depth?

There may be deeper invasion not visible upon examination Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor associated with a better response and outcome in melanoma treatment?

Thinner tumors and younger age at diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about tumor regression in melanoma is accurate?

Indicates that the tumor was thinner at a previous point in time Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial for a dermatopathologist to distinguish between an atypical nevus and an early melanoma?

To ensure appropriate management of the skin lesion Signup and view all the answers