Understanding Ethical Dilemmas

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Questions and Answers

Match the following ethical theories with their primary focus:

Deontology = Duties and rules regardless of consequences Utilitarianism = Maximizing overall happiness and minimizing suffering Relativism = Morality depending on cultural or social perspectives Virtue Ethics = Focuses on character and moral habits

Match the following terms with their correct definition in the context of IT ethics:

Whistleblowing = Exposing corporate fraud or unethical behavior Dark patterns = Tricking users into unwanted subscriptions or actions Tax avoidance = Using legal loopholes to minimize tax payments Price gouging = Overcharging for essential items during a crisis

Match the following phases of INTERPOL's Joint Operational Framework with their descriptions:

Data Collection & Analysis = Identifying threats and gathering intelligence Strategic Planning = Developing regional cybercrime strategies Operations = Executing targeted cybercrime investigations Evaluation = Assessing and refining strategies for future reports

Match the descriptions with the related levels of Kohlberg's moral development:

Pre-conventional = Morality is based on avoiding punishment and seeking personal rewards. Conventional = Morality is driven by seeking approval from others and maintaining social order. Post-conventional = Morality is based on justice, empathy, and equality, forming a personal moral code. Relativism = Morality is not absolute but depends on cultural, social, or individual perspectives Signup and view all the answers

Match each of Theroux's principles of humanitarianism with its description:

Value of life = Human life should be preserved, respected, and accepted, including understanding of death. Goodness (rightness) = Promote good, avoid harm, and prevent harm where possible. Justice (fairness) = Ensure fairness in the distribution of good and bad outcomes. Truth-telling (honesty) = Strive for honesty, except when it would violate other moral principles. Signup and view all the answers

Match the ethical implications with corresponding actions a software developer should take:

Privacy and security = Protect user data and ensure transparency in data collection. Bias and discrimination = Design fair, inclusive software that avoids reinforcing biases. Intellectual property = Respect copyrights, patents, and open-source licences. Environmental impact = Minimize energy use when creating software. Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of consumer right with its key feature:

Right to Equality = Protection against discrimination Right to Privacy = Protection of personal information Right to Choose = Access to a variety of products and services Right to be Heard = The ability to voice concerns to authorities. Signup and view all the answers

Match each ethical theory with the corresponding description of business ethics:

Stockholder theory = Maximize profits for shareholders Stakeholder theory = Benefit all stakeholders eg, customers, employees, society Social contract theory = Duty to benefit society, avoid harm, and act ethically Virtue Ethics = Emphasizes the moral character and intentions of individuals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ethical factors with their impact on decision-making:

Cultural factors = Shape ethics through values, traditions, and norms Organizational culture = Determines company’s core values, aspirations, and practices Social factors = Influence behavior through compliance, identification, or internalization Personal factors = Influence ethics through integrity, trust, and moral imagination Signup and view all the answers

Match the description to corresponding method of demonstrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):

Reducing carbon footprint = Decreasing emissions to combat climate change Promoting diversity and inclusion = Creating an inclusive workplace culture Engaging in volunteer work = Supporting community initiatives and giving time to worthwhile causes Purchasing fair trade products = Ensuring ethical sourcing of materials Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of malware with their methods of operation:

Worms = Spreads automatically through networks Viruses = Requires a host file and user interaction to spread Trojans = Disguised as legitimate software to trick users into installing them Ransomware = Locks the user out of their system until a ransom is paid. Signup and view all the answers

Match the actions with the method that Cybercriminals use Persuasion Tactics to Manipulate Victims

Reciprocity = Offer a small item to make the request seem more reasonable Scarcity = Creating urgency by claiming something is rare or limited Authority = Use the likeness or a famous individual or known leader Consensus = Exploiting peer pressure by acting as if “everyone is doing it.” Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions cybercirminals with the descriptions:

Hackers = Explore systems out of curiosity without malice. Cybercriminals = Engage in fraud for financial Crimes Industrial Spies = Obtain trade secrets from competitors. Hacktivists = Use hacking for political purposes or intimidation. Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps to improve corporate ethics:

Establish a code of ethics = set key values and ethics issues. Conduct a social audit = evaluate that CSR is maintained effectively. Require ethics training = Helps employees understand what is right and wrong. Implement rewards = Reinforces employees to perform actions which improve coporate ethics. Signup and view all the answers

Match security actions with the principle of the POPI act that it addresses:

Lawful processing = Personal information must be collected fairly and legally Purpose limitation = Data can only be used tor its original intended purpose Accountability = The data processor is responsible for compliance Security = Adequate satequards must be in place to protect data from loss or unauthorized access Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethical Dilemma

A situation with difficult choice between conflicting principles/values. Any decision results in ethical compromise.

Morality

Principles distinguishing right from wrong, shaping behavior based on culture and values.

Ethics

Study of good/bad, guiding fair decisions. It also aims to build ethical frameworks.

Relativism

Ethical theory: Morality isn't absolute, depends on cultural, social, individual views; 'right'/'wrong' varies.