30 Questions
What is the origin of the word 'ethics'?
Greek word ethos
How is 'ethikos' defined in the text?
Moral duty
What is the real definition of ethics according to the text?
Science of correct living and doing
How is 'morality' derived according to the text?
From the Latin word Mos meaning customs
What does bioethics focus on according to M.T. Reich?
Human behavior in life sciences and health care
How does the text define morality?
'Moralis' rightness and wrongness of an act
What is the main focus of Deontology?
The rules that determine the action's morality
Who introduced the concept of Deontology?
Immanuel Kant
What does Deontology prioritize?
Following a set of rules
Why did the emergence of ethical practice in health care give rise to the need for bioethics?
To provide awareness to the health team
According to Deontology, what is considered wrong?
An action that follows specific rules
What does Deontology prioritize over the consequences of an action?
The type of action being performed
What is a core value of a professional nurse related to critical thinking?
Making accurate clinical decisions
What is emphasized as the 'laying on of hands' in nursing for providing comfort?
Psychomotor skills
Which aspect of nursing involves using a cognitive process for decision-making when faced with complex patient problems?
Critical thinking
What guides a nurse in planning, providing, and evaluating nursing care based on ethical principles?
Code of Ethics
Which term specifically relates to the physical abilities required in the nursing profession?
Psychomotor skills
What is a key component of ethical behavior in nursing that involves being truthful and accountable?
Fidelity
What would a strict utilitarian do in the given scenario?
Let the man die to benefit several other people
According to deontologists, what would a doctor do in the scenario of the doctor and homeless man?
Save the man’s life as a duty to treat a patient
What does teleology focus on in ethical perspectives?
The consequences or end product of actions
Which principle is associated with consequentialism?
The End Justifies the Means
In consequentialism, what justifies the moral acceptability of the means taken?
Consequences of the actions
What is the main emphasis of utilitarianism?
Maximizing overall happiness or well-being
What does the 'Code of Ethics for Nurses' provide guidance for?
Carrying out nursing responsibilities with ethical obligations
What are the four fundamental responsibilities outlined in the nursing Code of Ethics?
Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, alleviate suffering
What is one way in which nurses can enhance their professionalism?
By understanding history, educational choices, and professional standards
What does the Professional Code of Ethics expect nurses to do?
Behave in alignment with societal and professional rules
Which of the following is an issue addressed by the Ethics Committee?
Protecting clients' rights and interests
What do the Core Values of a Professional Nurse emphasize regarding professionalism?
Reflecting professional status through knowledge and responsibility
Study Notes
Bioethics
- Bioethics is a systemic study of human behavior, specifically in the fields of life sciences and health care, as examined in the light of moral values and principles.
- The term "bioethics" comes from the Greek words "bios" (life) and "ethikos" (behavior).
Ethics
- Ethics comes from the Greek word "ethos," meaning custom or particular behavior.
- Ethikos means moral duty, and the Latin equivalent is Mos, Moris, or Moris (way of acting).
- Ethics is the science of correct living and doing, concerned with the meaning of words like right, wrong, good, bad, ought, and duty.
- It studies human acts or conduct from a moral perspective, as to whether they are good or bad.
Morality
- Morality is derived from the Latin word "moralis," meaning the rightness and wrongness of an act determined by our principles.
- Goodness or badness of human acts is determined by morality.
- Moral is identical in meaning with ethics.
Importance of Bioethics
- The need for bioethics arises from perennial issues, dilemmas, and problems, as well as legal dimensions, emergence of ethical practices in health care, and the need for awareness and competence in health care.
- Scientific advances, inequalities, and changes in doctor-patient relationships also contribute to the importance of bioethics.
Theories and Principles of Health Ethics
Deontology
- Deontology is a normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules.
- It emphasizes the type of action rather than the consequences of the action.
- Introduced by Immanuel Kant, deontology is an obligation-based theory.
Teleology
- Teleology is a consequence-oriented theory that describes an ethical perspective that contends the rightness or wrongness of actions is based solely on the goodness or badness of their consequences.
- Focuses on the consequences or end product of our actions.
- The principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people is a key concept in teleology.
Core Values of a Professional Nurse
- Critical thinking: nurses constantly involved in making accurate and appropriate clinical decisions.
- Psychomotor skills: physical side of the nursing profession, involving the use of equipment and specific skills.
- Ethical and legal considerations: a nurse plans, provides, and evaluates nursing care guided by specific ethical and legal boundaries.
- Professionalism: involves characteristics of a nurse that reflect their professional status, such as being knowledgeable, conscientious, and responsible.
Ethics Committee
- Addresses issues of patient care that present as ethical dilemmas.
- Ensures the institution's ability to protect the rights and interests of clients.
- Develops institutional policies and educational programs on ethical issues.
- Professional Code of Ethics: nurses have a contract with society to behave in accordance with rules dictated by society and the nursing profession.
This quiz presents a scenario where a doctor must decide whether to save a man's life or let him die to potentially save multiple other lives through organ donation. Test your knowledge on utilitarianism and deontology by choosing the ethical course of action in this thought-provoking dilemma.
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