Understanding Drug Pharmacokinetics

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Questions and Answers

Which schedule of controlled drugs must be kept in a locked cabinet?

Schedule 2

Schedule 3

Both Schedule 2 and 3 (correct)

None of the above

Who can prescribe a controlled drug?

Veterinary Surgeon (correct)

Pharmacist

Suitably Qualified Person

All of the above

How long are written prescriptions for Schedule 2 and 3 drugs valid?

60 days

30 days

14 days

28 days (correct)

Who must witness the destruction of Schedule 2 drugs?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of drug clearance?

The volume of blood or plasma cleared of the drug per unit time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about drug absorption from oral or intramuscular administration?

Absorption is proportional to the amount of drug (first order kinetics) Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug?

The volume into which a drug appears to be distributed with a concentration equal to that of plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of a drug dependent on?

The clearance (CL) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors should be considered when determining the appropriate drug therapy for a patient?

Disease factors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug target interacts with structural proteins?

Structural proteins Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'potency' refer to in pharmacology?

The amount of drug required to produce 50% of its maximal effects Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'specificity' mean in relation to drug action?

The drug's ability to cause a particular action in a population Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms can lead to the inactivation of drugs in certain vehicles?

Complex formation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can alter the clearance of renally excreted drugs?

Urinary pH Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction occurs when two drugs have an additive effect, leading to a greater therapeutic effect or increased toxicity?

Additive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adverse event is unrelated to the pharmacological action of a drug?

Toxic effects Signup and view all the answers

Which factor(s) affect drug absorption?

Lipid solubility and molecular size Signup and view all the answers

Which factor(s) affect drug distribution?

Water solubility and plasma protein binding Signup and view all the answers

Which factor(s) affect drug metabolism clearance?

Lipid solubility and chemical groups Signup and view all the answers

Which factor(s) affect drug excretion clearance?

Water solubility and ionization Signup and view all the answers

What can help reach steady state concentrations earlier?

Loading dose Signup and view all the answers

What can reduce peaks and troughs of drug levels?

Increasing the frequency of dosing Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the definition of an adverse reaction?

Reaction which is harmful and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used in animals for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment of disease Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the additional requirements for prescribing Schedule 2 and 3 drugs?

Any warnings or contraindications on the label or package leaflet must be advised on Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the main difference between Schedule 4 and Schedule 5 drugs?

Schedule 4 drugs have therapeutic use but misuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence, while Schedule 5 drugs contain such small quantities of substance which may cause dependence that the potential for abuse is considered extremely low Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of recording adverse events involving animals or humans?

To record what happened in as much detail as possible Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for regulating veterinary medicine in Great Britain?

VMD Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medicine can only be prescribed by a veterinarian in Great Britain?

POM-V Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a prescription according to the guidelines?

Prescriber's name and address Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including the declaration 'this prescription is for an animal under my care'?

To confirm that the prescription is for an animal under the prescriber's care Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Affecting Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Shock can greatly reduce drug absorption.
Drugs with a long half-life take longer to reach high levels in the body.
Loading dose can help reach steady state concentrations earlier.
Maintenance dose is required to maintain the desired drug levels.
Multiple dosing and frequency can be achieved through constant infusion.
Increasing the frequency of dosing reduces peaks and troughs of drug levels.
Factors affecting drug absorption include lipid solubility, molecular size, ionization, and formulation.
Factors affecting drug distribution include lipid solubility, water solubility, and plasma protein binding.
Factors affecting drug metabolism clearance include lipid solubility, chemical groups, drug interactions, enzyme quantity, and diseases.
Factors affecting drug excretion clearance include water solubility, ionization, drug interactions, drug transporters, blood flow to excreting organ, and diseases.
Neonates have altered pharmacokinetics due to differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Geriatric patients have altered pharmacokinetics due to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as disease-related factors.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the factors that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion with this informative quiz. Explore important concepts such as lipid solubility, ionization, formulation, and disease-related factors that affect drug pharmacokinetics. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of how these factors can alter drug levels in the body.