30 Questions
Which schedule of controlled drugs must be kept in a locked cabinet?
Both Schedule 2 and 3
Who can prescribe a controlled drug?
Veterinary Surgeon
How long are written prescriptions for Schedule 2 and 3 drugs valid?
28 days
Who must witness the destruction of Schedule 2 drugs?
All of the above
Which of the following is the correct definition of drug clearance?
The volume of blood or plasma cleared of the drug per unit time
Which of the following is true about drug absorption from oral or intramuscular administration?
Absorption is proportional to the amount of drug (first order kinetics)
What is the volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug?
The volume into which a drug appears to be distributed with a concentration equal to that of plasma
What is the half-life of a drug dependent on?
The clearance (CL)
Which of the following factors should be considered when determining the appropriate drug therapy for a patient?
Disease factors
Which type of drug target interacts with structural proteins?
Structural proteins
What does the term 'potency' refer to in pharmacology?
The amount of drug required to produce 50% of its maximal effects
What does the term 'specificity' mean in relation to drug action?
The drug's ability to cause a particular action in a population
Which of the following mechanisms can lead to the inactivation of drugs in certain vehicles?
Complex formation
Which of the following can alter the clearance of renally excreted drugs?
Urinary pH
Which type of interaction occurs when two drugs have an additive effect, leading to a greater therapeutic effect or increased toxicity?
Additive
Which type of adverse event is unrelated to the pharmacological action of a drug?
Toxic effects
Which factor(s) affect drug absorption?
Lipid solubility and molecular size
Which factor(s) affect drug distribution?
Water solubility and plasma protein binding
Which factor(s) affect drug metabolism clearance?
Lipid solubility and chemical groups
Which factor(s) affect drug excretion clearance?
Water solubility and ionization
What can help reach steady state concentrations earlier?
Loading dose
What can reduce peaks and troughs of drug levels?
Increasing the frequency of dosing
According to the text, what is the definition of an adverse reaction?
Reaction which is harmful and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used in animals for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment of disease
According to the text, what are the additional requirements for prescribing Schedule 2 and 3 drugs?
Any warnings or contraindications on the label or package leaflet must be advised on
According to the text, what is the main difference between Schedule 4 and Schedule 5 drugs?
Schedule 4 drugs have therapeutic use but misuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence, while Schedule 5 drugs contain such small quantities of substance which may cause dependence that the potential for abuse is considered extremely low
According to the text, what is the purpose of recording adverse events involving animals or humans?
To record what happened in as much detail as possible
Which organization is responsible for regulating veterinary medicine in Great Britain?
VMD
Which type of medicine can only be prescribed by a veterinarian in Great Britain?
POM-V
What should be included in a prescription according to the guidelines?
Prescriber's name and address
What is the purpose of including the declaration 'this prescription is for an animal under my care'?
To confirm that the prescription is for an animal under the prescriber's care
Study Notes
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
- Shock can greatly reduce drug absorption.
- Drugs with a long half-life take longer to reach high levels in the body.
- Loading dose can help reach steady state concentrations earlier.
- Maintenance dose is required to maintain the desired drug levels.
- Multiple dosing and frequency can be achieved through constant infusion.
- Increasing the frequency of dosing reduces peaks and troughs of drug levels.
- Factors affecting drug absorption include lipid solubility, molecular size, ionization, and formulation.
- Factors affecting drug distribution include lipid solubility, water solubility, and plasma protein binding.
- Factors affecting drug metabolism clearance include lipid solubility, chemical groups, drug interactions, enzyme quantity, and diseases.
- Factors affecting drug excretion clearance include water solubility, ionization, drug interactions, drug transporters, blood flow to excreting organ, and diseases.
- Neonates have altered pharmacokinetics due to differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- Geriatric patients have altered pharmacokinetics due to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as disease-related factors.
Test your knowledge on the factors that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion with this informative quiz. Explore important concepts such as lipid solubility, ionization, formulation, and disease-related factors that affect drug pharmacokinetics. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of how these factors can alter drug levels in the body.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
