Pharmacokinetics: Understanding Drug Half-Life
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Questions and Answers

What is half-life of a drug?

  • The time taken for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body
  • The time taken for the concentration of drug in the blood or plasma to decline to half of the original value (correct)
  • The time taken for the concentration of drug in the blood to decline to 25% of the original value
  • The time taken for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by 75%

What is pharmacodynamics concerned with?

  • The effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action (correct)
  • The movement of drugs within the body
  • The chemical structure of drugs
  • The side effects of drugs

What is the main mechanism of action of Cephalosporins?

  • Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis (correct)
  • Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
  • Inhibiting bacterial membrane function
  • Inhibiting bacterial DNA replication

What is the term for the ability of an agonist to bind to the receptor?

<p>Affinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is Cephalosporins effective against?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a drug that can elicit a maximal effect at a receptor?

<p>Full agonist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Fourth generation Cephalosporins over Third generation Cephalosporins?

<p>Increased resistance to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Monobactams?

<p>They contain a monocyclic beta-lactam ring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a measure of how well a drug produces a response?

<p>Efficacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mechanism of bacterial resistance to Cephalosporins?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of determining half-life value of a drug?

<p>Administering a dose of the drug to a subject and taking blood samples at various time intervals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Cephalosporins?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of erythromycin metabolites on cytochrome P450 enzymes?

<p>They inhibit the enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pregnancy category of erythromycin and azithromycin?

<p>Category B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ketolides exhibit antibacterial activity?

<p>By inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of ketolides over other macrolides?

<p>They have a broader spectrum of activity and are effective against macrolide-resistant bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only available ketolide for use?

<p>Telithromycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

<p>Inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gametocides in mosquitoes?

<p>To destroy gametocytes in the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs render gametocytes non-infective in the mosquito?

<p>Pyrimethamine and Proguanil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of primaquine?

<p>To destroy the persisting liver hypnozoites of P.vivax and P.ovale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Chloroquine?

<p>Renal excretion increased by acidification of the urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Chloroquine on P.falciparum?

<p>It is not active against gametocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Chloroquine?

<p>To treat attacks of vivax, ovale, malariae, or sensitive falciparum malaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Chloroquine in malaria treatment?

<p>Chemoprophylaxis against all forms of malaria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication of Chloroquine in patients with a history of?

<p>Neurologic or hematologic disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of a total cumulative dose of 100 g of Chloroquine?

<p>Irreversible retinopathy, ototoxicity, and myopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Primaquine in malaria treatment?

<p>Radical cure of P vivax and P ovale infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Primaquine in prophylaxis?

<p>It protects against P vivax and P ovale when used with Chloroquine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Primaquine in terms of its metabolism and excretion?

<p>It is completely metabolized and excreted in the urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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