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Pharmacokinetics: Understanding Drug Half-Life
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Pharmacokinetics: Understanding Drug Half-Life

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Questions and Answers

What is half-life of a drug?

  • The time taken for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body
  • The time taken for the concentration of drug in the blood or plasma to decline to half of the original value (correct)
  • The time taken for the concentration of drug in the blood to decline to 25% of the original value
  • The time taken for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by 75%

    • What is pharmacodynamics concerned with?

  • The effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action (correct)
  • The movement of drugs within the body
  • The chemical structure of drugs
  • The side effects of drugs

    • What is the main mechanism of action of Cephalosporins?

  • Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis (correct)
  • Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
  • Inhibiting bacterial membrane function
  • Inhibiting bacterial DNA replication

    • What is the term for the ability of an agonist to bind to the receptor?

    <p>Affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is Cephalosporins effective against?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug that can elicit a maximal effect at a receptor?

    <p>Full agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Fourth generation Cephalosporins over Third generation Cephalosporins?

    <p>Increased resistance to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Monobactams?

    <p>They contain a monocyclic beta-lactam ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a measure of how well a drug produces a response?

    <p>Efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mechanism of bacterial resistance to Cephalosporins?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of determining half-life value of a drug?

    <p>Administering a dose of the drug to a subject and taking blood samples at various time intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of Cephalosporins?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of erythromycin metabolites on cytochrome P450 enzymes?

    <p>They inhibit the enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pregnancy category of erythromycin and azithromycin?

    <p>Category B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ketolides exhibit antibacterial activity?

    <p>By inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of ketolides over other macrolides?

    <p>They have a broader spectrum of activity and are effective against macrolide-resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only available ketolide for use?

    <p>Telithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

    <p>Inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gametocides in mosquitoes?

    <p>To destroy gametocytes in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs render gametocytes non-infective in the mosquito?

    <p>Pyrimethamine and Proguanil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of primaquine?

    <p>To destroy the persisting liver hypnozoites of P.vivax and P.ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Chloroquine?

    <p>Renal excretion increased by acidification of the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Chloroquine on P.falciparum?

    <p>It is not active against gametocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Chloroquine?

    <p>To treat attacks of vivax, ovale, malariae, or sensitive falciparum malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Chloroquine in malaria treatment?

    <p>Chemoprophylaxis against all forms of malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication of Chloroquine in patients with a history of?

    <p>Neurologic or hematologic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adverse effect of a total cumulative dose of 100 g of Chloroquine?

    <p>Irreversible retinopathy, ototoxicity, and myopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Primaquine in malaria treatment?

    <p>Radical cure of P vivax and P ovale infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Primaquine in prophylaxis?

    <p>It protects against P vivax and P ovale when used with Chloroquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Primaquine in terms of its metabolism and excretion?

    <p>It is completely metabolized and excreted in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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