Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between endorphins and exogenous opioids like morphine?
What is the primary difference between endorphins and exogenous opioids like morphine?
- Endorphins are artificially produced, while exogenous opioids are naturally produced.
- Endorphins lead to intense effects, while exogenous opioids have milder effects.
- Endorphins have a higher addiction potential, while exogenous opioids have a lower addiction potential.
- Endorphins bind to surface receptors, while exogenous opioids bind internally within the cell. (correct)
What can lead to an increase in the reward value of cues associated with drugs of abuse?
What can lead to an increase in the reward value of cues associated with drugs of abuse?
- Observing others' non-prejudiced behaviors
- Binding of opioids to surface receptors
- Positive reinforcement from family members
- Generation of larger 'better than expected' signals compared to natural rewards (correct)
How can operant conditioning influence prejudiced behaviors according to the text?
How can operant conditioning influence prejudiced behaviors according to the text?
- Association of negative stereotypes with certain groups
- Decrease in fear beliefs through positive counterconditioning
- Reinforcement by social rewards or relief from threats (correct)
- Observational learning from family members
What can lead individuals to imitate prejudiced behaviors, as discussed in the text?
What can lead individuals to imitate prejudiced behaviors, as discussed in the text?
How do people develop fear responses towards certain groups according to the text?
How do people develop fear responses towards certain groups according to the text?
What was highlighted by the Dunn and Askew (2013) study regarding fear beliefs in children?
What was highlighted by the Dunn and Askew (2013) study regarding fear beliefs in children?
What is the role of dopamine spikes in learning?
What is the role of dopamine spikes in learning?
What does prediction error refer to?
What does prediction error refer to?
How does the magnitude of dopamine spikes relate to prediction error?
How does the magnitude of dopamine spikes relate to prediction error?
What is the consequence of excessive dopamine spikes in response to addictive substances like opioids?
What is the consequence of excessive dopamine spikes in response to addictive substances like opioids?
When do dopamine spikes occur in response to unexpected rewards?
When do dopamine spikes occur in response to unexpected rewards?
What happens to dopamine spikes after learning has occurred?
What happens to dopamine spikes after learning has occurred?
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