Understanding Depression and Antidepressants

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What is the elimination half-life of citalopram?

35 hours

Which SSRI has the least effect on the cytochrome P450 system?

Citalopram

What is the main clinical indication for SSRIs according to the text?

Major depressive disorder

Which of the following is NOT a third-generation heterocyclic drug?

<p>Trazodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of venlafaxine's active metabolite, O-desmethyl-venlafaxine?

<p>11 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is dosing twice a day necessary for venlafaxine?

<p>To maintain therapeutic levels in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an emotional symptom of depression?

<p>Loss of libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is primarily associated with anxiety in depression?

<p>Limbic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anhedonia most closely associated with in the brain?

<p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a biological symptom of depression mentioned in the text?

<p>Retardation of thought &amp; action</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-V-TR criteria for a major depressive episode, how many symptoms must be present during a 2-week period?

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of depression according to the text?

<p>Loss of interest or pleasure in activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of the medication discussed?

<p>Increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if a MAOI is coadministered with an SSRI or venlafaxine?

<p>Serotonin syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of serotonin syndrome?

<p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should one wait after stopping an SSRI before starting a MAOI?

<p>At least 5 half-lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment approach is recommended for serotonin syndrome?

<p>Discontinue serotoninergic agents and treat symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a drug-free period of 2 weeks required when switching from a MAOI to another antidepressant?

<p>To allow for the regeneration of tissue MAO</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant is known to have minimal effects on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system?

<p>Venlafaxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant is associated with modest increases in blood pressure in approximately 5% of patients at higher doses?

<p>Venlafaxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant does not cause sexual side effects like the SSRIs and venlafaxine?

<p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant is tightly bound to protein and undergoes metabolism via CYP2D6 and CYP1A2?

<p>Duloxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant has been associated with a risk of seizures in 0.4% of patients at high doses?

<p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant formulation is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures?

<p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication inhibits the cytochrome P450 2D6 isoenzyme?

<p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What receptor does mirtazapine block?

<p>5-HT3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is relatively free of antimuscarinic side effects?

<p>Trazodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of trazodone?

<p>Priapism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication causes weight gain as a common side effect?

<p>Mirtazapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism of action does bupropion have on the cytochrome P450 2D6 isoenzyme?

<p>Inhibits it</p> Signup and view all the answers

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