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Questions and Answers
What effect can CNS stimulants or sympathomimetics, as well as tyramine-containing foods, have when taken with an MAOI?
Why is frequent blood pressure monitoring essential for patients taking MAOIs?
What is a potential side effect of lithium use?
What is the therapeutic serum range for lithium?
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What happens if serum lithium levels exceed 1.5 mEq/L?
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Why should serum sodium levels be monitored in patients taking lithium?
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In what frequency should serum lithium levels be monitored after the therapeutic level has been obtained?
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Which drugs have been used in place of lithium for some patients?
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What are the approved uses of olanzapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole in bipolar disorder?
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What potential effects can lithium have on the fetus if taken during pregnancy?
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Which group of antidepressants is more commonly used to treat depression than tricyclic antidepressants?
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What neurotransmitters does St.John’s wort decrease the reuptake of?
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Which antidepressant group affects various neurotransmitters and is used for major depression, reactive depression, and anxiety?
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What is the primary use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
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Which antidepressant group inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing their availability in the synapse?
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Why should polydrug therapy, the practice of giving several antidepressants or antipsychotics together, be avoided if possible?
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What is the action of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the brain?
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What should be limited when taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to avoid possible toxicity?
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Which type of depression is characterized by loss of interest in work and home, inability to concentrate and complete tasks, and difficulty sleeping or excessive sleeping?
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What is the most common mental illness characterized by mood changes and loss of interest in normal activities?
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What are some signs of major depression mentioned in the text?
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What is a contributing cause of depression mentioned in the text?
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Which neurotransmitter is thought to permit depression when decreased levels occur?
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What are mood-stabilizer agents effective for?
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What is a sign of major depression mentioned in the text?
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Which type of depression usually has a sudden onset after a precipitating event?
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What is a sign of major depression mentioned in the text?
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Study Notes
MAOIs and Interactions
- Taking CNS stimulants or sympathomimetics, as well as tyramine-containing foods, with MAOIs can lead to a hypertensive crisis.
- Frequent blood pressure monitoring is essential for patients taking MAOIs to prevent hypertensive crisis.
Lithium
- A potential side effect of lithium use is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
- The therapeutic serum range for lithium is 0.5-1.5 mEq/L.
- If serum lithium levels exceed 1.5 mEq/L, it can lead to toxicity.
- Serum sodium levels should be monitored in patients taking lithium to prevent sodium depletion.
- Serum lithium levels should be monitored every 2-3 months after the therapeutic level has been obtained.
- Valproic acid, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine have been used in place of lithium for some patients.
Antipsychotics in Bipolar Disorder
- Olanzapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole are approved for use in bipolar disorder.
- Lithium use during pregnancy can increase the risk of cardiac anomalies and other birth defects.
Antidepressants
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are more commonly used to treat depression than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).
- St. John's Wort decreases the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
- Venlafaxine affects various neurotransmitters and is used for major depression, reactive depression, and anxiety.
- The primary use of SSRIs is to treat depression.
- Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing their availability in the synapse.
- Polydrug therapy should be avoided if possible to prevent increased risk of adverse effects.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
- TCAs increase the availability of neurotransmitters in the synapse by inhibiting their reuptake.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Taking tryptophan supplements should be limited when taking SSRIs to avoid possible toxicity.
Major Depression
- Major depression is characterized by loss of interest in work and home, inability to concentrate and complete tasks, and difficulty sleeping or excessive sleeping.
- Signs of major depression include feelings of worthlessness, changes in appetite, and difficulty sleeping.
- A contributing cause of depression is a decrease in serotonin levels.
- Mood-stabilizer agents are effective for treating bipolar disorder.
- Major depression is the most common mental illness characterized by mood changes and loss of interest in normal activities.
Reactive Depression
- Reactive depression usually has a sudden onset after a precipitating event.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key points related to antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and depression. Explore the use of antidepressants for depressive episodes and the effectiveness of mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder.
