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18 Questions

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Understanding Cytokines

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the function of cytokines?

Reduction of enzyme activity

Regulation of cell production

Induction of immune response (correct)

Inhibition of cellular communication

What is the primary mechanism by which cytokines affect adjacent cells?

Endocrine system

Induction of transcriptional program

Paracrine mechanism (correct)

Autocrine mechanism

Which group of cytokines includes types I and II interferons?

Tumor necrosis factors (TNF)

Interleukins (IL)

Chemokines

Interferons (IFN) (correct)

What is the main impact of cytokine production due to inducing stimulus?

Activation, proliferation, or differentiation of target cells Signup and view all the answers

Which feature characterizes the regulation of cytokine production?

Tightly regulated with post-transcription/translational modifications Signup and view all the answers

How do cytokines primarily affect distant cells?

Through activation of B and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the behavior of the producing cell in the context of cytokine function?

Binding cytokines to their own receptors through autocrine mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome can be a result of cytokine production due to inducing stimulus?

Modulation of effector functions through transcriptional program Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interleukins (IL) among cytokines?

Induction of immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of interferons (IFN) among cytokines?

Type I (IFN-a, b) and Type II (IFN-g) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cytokine cascade induction?

Production of additional cytokines by target cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of membrane-bound cytokines?

They bind to receptors on producing cells through autocrine mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of TNF-alpha?

Stimulates the migration of innate cells Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with pleiotropism in cytokines?

They can be produced by multiple different cell types Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of systemic inflammation?

Increased total body inflammation due to widespread presence of TNF-alpha Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are responsible for inducing the acute phase response?

TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with chemokines?

Stimulating migration of dendritic cells to lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinguishing feature of local inflammation?

Recruitment of cells to site of infection Signup and view all the answers