18 Questions
Which of the following best describes the function of cytokines?
Induction of immune response
What is the primary mechanism by which cytokines affect adjacent cells?
Paracrine mechanism
Which group of cytokines includes types I and II interferons?
Interferons (IFN)
What is the main impact of cytokine production due to inducing stimulus?
Activation, proliferation, or differentiation of target cells
Which feature characterizes the regulation of cytokine production?
Tightly regulated with post-transcription/translational modifications
How do cytokines primarily affect distant cells?
Through activation of B and T cells
What characterizes the behavior of the producing cell in the context of cytokine function?
Binding cytokines to their own receptors through autocrine mechanism
Which outcome can be a result of cytokine production due to inducing stimulus?
Modulation of effector functions through transcriptional program
What is the primary function of interleukins (IL) among cytokines?
Induction of immune response
What is a characteristic feature of interferons (IFN) among cytokines?
Type I (IFN-a, b) and Type II (IFN-g)
What is the effect of cytokine cascade induction?
Production of additional cytokines by target cells
What is a distinguishing feature of membrane-bound cytokines?
They bind to receptors on producing cells through autocrine mechanism
What is the main function of TNF-alpha?
Stimulates the migration of innate cells
Which characteristic is associated with pleiotropism in cytokines?
They can be produced by multiple different cell types
What is a common effect of systemic inflammation?
Increased total body inflammation due to widespread presence of TNF-alpha
Which cytokines are responsible for inducing the acute phase response?
TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6
Which characteristic is associated with chemokines?
Stimulating migration of dendritic cells to lymph nodes
What is the main distinguishing feature of local inflammation?
Recruitment of cells to site of infection
Test your knowledge about cytokines, small glycoproteins involved in cellular communication, affecting the behavior of producing and adjacent cells through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Learn about their production, regulation, and effects.
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