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Questions and Answers
What is a true cyst lined with?
Where does a dermoid sequestration cyst typically occur?
What characterizes a false cyst?
What is a common characteristic of fluid in a cyst?
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Which type of cyst is caused by injury?
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What is the characteristic feature of an ulcer?
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What is the function of antiseptics and topical antibiotics in ulcer management?
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What is the lining of a fistula track primarily composed of?
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Which imaging technique may be required for deep-seated intra-abdominal or thoracic cysts diagnosis?
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What are the potential complications of a cyst?
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What is the primary cause of a congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula?
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Which condition is a common acquired cause of sinus formation?
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What is a potential cause of post-surgical persistence of a sinus or fistula?
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What factor can contribute to the persistence of a sinus or fistula in the presence of foreign bodies?
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What systemic disease can be associated with the persistence of a sinus or fistula?
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What characteristic distinguishes a sinus from a fistula?
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Which condition is primarily congenital and presents as a blind tract near the ear?
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What type of cyst is primarily acquired and associated with infections like TB and actinomycosis?
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Study Notes
- b-Tubuloembryonic cysts: collection of embryonic remnants, includes ependymal cyst (thryoglossal cyst, Ependymal cyst), acquired, and parasitic cysts.
- Cysts can be classified based on their origin:
- Retention cysts: result from the accumulation of secretion in glands due to obstruction of ducts (sebaceous cyst, parotid gland cyst).
- Traumatic cysts: caused by injury, such as a cystic tumor (cystic teratoma, cystadenoma).
- Degeneration cyst: degenerative changes within a cyst.
- Distension cyst: distension from the accumulation of fluid within a cyst (thyroid cyst, lymphatic cyst, hydrocele).
- Parasitic cyst: caused by parasitic infestation, such as a hydatid cyst.
- Clinical features vary according to site and size of the cyst:
- Pain: enlarging cysts, secondary to haemorrhage, infection, rupture, or torsion.
- Compression symptoms: haemorrhage in thyroglossal cyst, large ovarian cyst, obstruction to pelvic veins, causing varicose veins of the lower limbs.
- Diagnosis can be obvious in superficial cysts but may require ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI for deep-seated intra-abdominal or thoracic cysts.
- Complications include infection, haemorrhage, torsion, obstruction, calcification, and malignancy (rare).
- An ulcer is a break in the continuity of an epithelial surface, characterized by progressive destruction of the epithelium and a granulating base.
- Clinical examination includes assessment of size, shape, edge, floor, base, discharge, surrounding area, and lymph nodes.
- Management involves treating the cause of the ulcer, identifying and correcting comorbid factors, adequate drainage and debridement, antiseptics and topical antibiotics, and wound dressings (hydrogel, alginate, lyofoam, tegaderm, alleyn).
- A fistula is a communicating track between two epithelial surfaces, commonly between a hollow viscus and the skin (external fistula) or between two hollow viscera (internal fistula). The track is lined with granulation tissue and subsequently epithelialized.
- Fistulas require accurate assessment, as well as treatment of the underlying cause, drainage, and wound care with hydrogel, alginate, lyofoam, tegaderm, and alleyn.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the definitions and characteristics of cysts, ulcers, fistulas, and sinuses. Learn about the different types of cysts and their characteristics, as well as the distinctions between true and false cysts.
