Understanding Culture and Its Functions

Physical objects, artifacts, and spaces created by humans that have cultural significance. Examples include tools, buildings, art, clothing, and technology.

Ideas individuals hold to be true, which may be influenced by religion, science, or personal experience.

Practices passed down through generations that reflect a group's identity and heritage.

Deeply held beliefs about what is desirable or undesirable, right or wrong.

Schools and academic institutions systematically teach language, history, values, and norms, reinforcing cultural identity.

Families, peers, and community members impart cultural knowledge through observation, imitation, and participation in traditions.

Culture provides shared values and norms that foster a sense of belonging and unity among members of society.

Culture shapes individuals' self-concepts and group affiliations, offering a sense of purpose and understanding of one's role in society.

The shared beliefs, values, traditions, and behaviors that shape the social and emotional environment of a school.

A type of school culture where teamwork and shared decision-making are emphasized.

A type of school culture where individual achievement and performance are prioritized.

A type of school culture that encourages experimentation and the use of new ideas or technologies.

A type of school culture that values long-standing practices and routines.

A type of school culture characterized by negativity, resistance to change, and lack of trust.

The process by which culture is passed from one generation to the next, ensuring the continuity of societal practices, beliefs, and knowledge.

The idea that no single leadership style is effective in all situations. Leaders must adapt their approach based on context.

The complex collection of knowledge, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, traditions, and material objects that characterize a society or social group. It's the shared way of life that unites individuals and influences their thinking, feeling, and acting.

Refers to the intangible aspects of culture, such as beliefs, values, norms, customs, traditions, and languages. These elements shape societal behaviors, interactions, and perceptions of the world.

Culture is not inherited biologically but acquired through social interaction. Individuals learn cultural norms from family, education, and peers.

Culture is collective, binding people together by providing common values, beliefs, and practices.

Culture relies on symbols, such as language, gestures, and art, to convey meaning and facilitate communication.

Culture evolves over time, adapting to changes in the environment, technology, and societal needs.

Cultural elements are interconnected; changes in one aspect, such as technology, can influence religion, education, and economy.

Culture provides guidelines for acceptable behavior, promoting order and stability within a society.

The way a leader interacts with others, makes decisions, and guides their followers in a school setting.

The organizational framework, resources, and infrastructure of a school.

The methods, practices, and procedures used to deliver education in a school.

A leadership style where the leader makes decisions independently without input from others.

A leadership style that encourages participation and collaboration in decision-making.

A leadership style that inspires and motivates others by creating a vision for change and encouraging innovation.

A more experienced individual who guides and supports a less experienced colleague.

A structured, performance-driven form of support aimed at improving specific skills.

A leadership approach focused on creating a clear and motivating vision that aligns with the school's values.

Leaders model desired behaviors, such as transparency and empathy, to nurture a positive school culture.

Leaders focus on structured rewards and consequences, while maintaining clear expectations and guidelines.

A leadership style where leaders empower their team members by providing autonomy and minimizing interference.

A leadership style characterized by leaders prioritizing the well-being and success of their team members, providing support and resources.

This theory suggests that a leader's effectiveness depends on the alignment of their leadership style with situational factors, such as the task structure, group dynamics, and leader-member relationships.

Practices that ensure long-term success and well-being. This includes building a sustainable future for the organization.