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According to classical criminology, what was the main problem with the punishments for criminal offenses before the 1800s?
According to classical criminology, what was the main problem with the punishments for criminal offenses before the 1800s?
- They were not officially codified into law
- They were too lenient
- They were arbitrary and random (correct)
- They were too harsh
What was the key belief of demonology regarding the causes of criminal behavior?
What was the key belief of demonology regarding the causes of criminal behavior?
- Criminals were judged by just and good forces
- Criminals were possessed by dark forces (correct)
- Criminals were driven by personal motives
- Criminals were influenced by supernatural powers
Who were the experts in dealing with crime according to demonology?
Who were the experts in dealing with crime according to demonology?
- Sociologists
- Clergy (correct)
- Psychologists
- Lawyers
What were the methods of trial used in demonology?
What were the methods of trial used in demonology?
What was one of the execution methods used in demonology?
What was one of the execution methods used in demonology?
What was the main focus of classical criminology in the 1800s?
What was the main focus of classical criminology in the 1800s?
What were the key causes of criminal behavior according to demonology?
What were the key causes of criminal behavior according to demonology?
What were the methods of trial used in demonology?
What were the methods of trial used in demonology?
Which approach to criminology focused on biological and psychological factors?
Which approach to criminology focused on biological and psychological factors?
What was the main problem with punishments for criminal offenses before the 1800s?
What was the main problem with punishments for criminal offenses before the 1800s?
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Study Notes
Pre-Classical Criminology (Demonology)
- Before the 1800s, punishments for criminal offenses were arbitrary, cruel, and often based on superstition.
- Demonology believed that criminal behavior was caused by demonic possession, evil spirits, or the devil.
- Experts in dealing with crime were the clergy and witch-hunters.
- Methods of trial included torture, ordeal, and compurgation.
- Execution methods included burning at the stake.
- Key causes of criminal behavior included demonic possession, evil spirits, and the devil.
Classical Criminology (1800s)
- The main focus of classical criminology was on the rational, free-willed individual who made choices to commit crimes.
- The approach rejected the idea of demonic possession and focused on human nature and environmental factors.
- Classical criminology aimed to create a fair and rational system of punishment based on the severity of the crime.
Other Approaches
- Positivist criminology, emerging in the late 1800s, focused on biological and psychological factors as causes of criminal behavior.
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