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According to the Classical School of Criminology, what did Cesare Beccaria advocate for in his 'ESSAY on Crimes and Punishment'?
According to the Classical School of Criminology, what did Cesare Beccaria advocate for in his 'ESSAY on Crimes and Punishment'?
- Punishment without any variation
- Abolition of torture as a legitimate means of extracting confessions (correct)
- Use of torture as a legitimate means of extracting confessions
- Exemption of the accused from conviction
What theory did Jeremy Bentham propose in the context of the Classical School of Criminology?
What theory did Jeremy Bentham propose in the context of the Classical School of Criminology?
- Freewill Theory
- Neo-Classical Theory
- Absolute Determinism
- Utilitarian Hedonism (correct)
According to the Classical theory, what is the belief about man's responsibility for his actions?
According to the Classical theory, what is the belief about man's responsibility for his actions?
- Responsibility varies based on circumstances
- Responsibility is imposed by external factors
- Man has no responsibility for his act
- Every man is responsible for his act (correct)
What does 'Freewill' refer to in the context of the Classical School of Criminology?
What does 'Freewill' refer to in the context of the Classical School of Criminology?
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What does 'Hedonism' refer to in the context of the Classical School of Criminology?
What does 'Hedonism' refer to in the context of the Classical School of Criminology?
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Study Notes
Cesare Beccaria and 'Essay on Crimes and Punishment'
- Advocated for the principle of fair and proportionate punishment.
- Emphasized that laws should be clear and accessible to prevent arbitrary judgment.
- Argued against torture and the death penalty, promoting rehabilitative rather than punitive justice.
Jeremy Bentham's Theory
- Proposed the concept of Utilitarianism, which argues that the best actions are those that maximize happiness and reduce suffering.
- Introduced the Panopticon, a design for a prison that allows for continuous observation of inmates, enhancing rehabilitation and compliance.
Responsibility for Actions in Classical Theory
- Belief that individuals are rational beings capable of making decisions.
- Emphasizes personal accountability for one's actions, linking choices to consequences.
Concept of Freewill
- Refers to the belief that individuals have the capacity to choose their actions freely.
- Highlights the idea that people can weigh options and make decisions based on their own volition.
Concept of Hedonism
- Pertains to the idea that individuals seek pleasure and pain avoidance as primary motivators for their behavior.
- Argues that criminal behavior occurs when the perceived benefits of crime outweigh the anticipated costs.
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