Understanding Computers: Hardware and Software

The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• The CPU is the brain of a computer. It is responsible for controlling the sequencing and timing of other computer components.

The Main Function of a Computer

• The main function of a computer is to process data and produce information.

The Role of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

• The ALU is a component of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.

How is CPU Speed Measured?

• CPU speed is typically measured in gigahertz (GHz).

Hardware Components

• Examples of hardware components include:
  • The CPU
  • The main memory (RAM)
  • The hard disk
  • The monitor
  • The keyboard
  • The mouse

Hard Disks

• Hard disks are used for long-term storage of data.

Volatile Memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile. Its contents are erased when the computer is turned off.

Input Devices

• Input devices allow users to enter data into the computer system. Examples include:
  • keyboards
  • mice
  • scanners
  • microphones

Output Devices

• Output devices allow users to view the results of computer processing. Examples include:
  • monitors
  • printers
  • speakers

USB Ports

• USB ports provide a connection for a variety of input and output devices.

Original Operating System for the IBM PC

• The original operating system supplied with the IBM PC in 1981 was PC-DOS.

Application Programs

• Application programs are used once the operating system has been loaded.

Continued Use of DOS

• One reason for the continued use of DOS is its speed and efficiency in controlling hardware.

Windows 10

• Windows 10 is mentioned in the text as a current edition of the Windows operating system.

Windows 10 Feature - Task View

• Windows 10's Task View feature allows users to organize open apps into different virtual desktops.

Functions of an Operating System

• The operating system provides a platform for running application programs.
• It manages the computer's resources, such as memory and storage.

Goals of an Operating System

• The goals of an operating system include:
  • Providing a user interface
  • Managing the computer's resources
  • Providing a platform for application programs

Software Controlling Application Programs

• The operating system controls the execution of application programs.

Popular Desktop Operating Systems

• Windows is a popular desktop operating system.

Operating Systems vs. Other Programs

• Operating systems are different from other types of programs because they control the underlying hardware of the computer.

Learn about the concept of a computer as an electronic device that processes data and can be programmed. Explore the components like hardware (mouse, keyboard, monitor) and software (programs with instructions).