Understanding Colonialism and Discrimination
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Questions and Answers

What was the purpose of displaying shrunken heads, according to the text?

  • To honor fallen warriors.
  • To depict war trophies.
  • To present an idea of white superiority. (correct)
  • To frighten enemies.

    • Why did Europeans purchase items such as totem poles, according to the information provided?

  • To bring home souvenirs from their travels.
  • To increase their cultural understanding of other civilizations.
  • Because they thought that purchasing them was a sign of good luck.
  • Believing it to be unlucky. (correct)

    • What was the main source of the Royal Family's wealth, according to the information given?

  • Investments in various industries.
  • Tax exemptions
  • Land ownership.
  • Slave trade. (correct)

    • What is the primary claim of the UK regarding the Koh-i-Noor diamond?

    <p>It was a gift to Queen Victoria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Several countries are demanding what, following the passing of the Queen?

    <p>A formal apology and reparations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are racist views often demonstrated today, according to the provided information?

    <p>Through subconscious implications and microaggressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of discrimination were Muslim women reported to face?

    <p>Being called terrorists, racial slurs and insulted for wearing a hijab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary method used in the resume test experiment conducted by Marketplace?

    <p>Applicants used their real names and different aliases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to an American study, what was a significant finding regarding names on resumes?

    <p>People with Western-sounding names received drastically faster responses from employers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hiring practice is employed by the Toronto Symphony?

    <p>Blind Recruitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the blind recruitment process contribute to an unbiased hiring process?

    <p>By ensuring that the hiring process depends solely on talent and skills, not appearance or background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the ways British banks profited from slavery?

    <p>By giving 16.5 billion pounds as compensation to former slave owners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Britain exploit India's Railway system for its own gain?

    <p>By creating a system that extracted resources from India, whilst also charging them for it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a core focus of sociology?

    <p>Examining patterns in social variables, institutions, and interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ibn Khaldun is regarded as an early sociologist because he:

    <p>Developed a systematic approach to studying different types of societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical event is NOT considered a driving force in the emergence of modern European sociology?

    <p>The Renaissance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herbert Spencer's concept of 'Survival of the Fittest' was used to justify which of the following?

    <p>Existing social inequalities based on wealth and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social Darwinism, as promoted by Herbert Spencer, primarily advocates for:

    <p>The idea that those with wealth and power are naturally more deserving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociological perspective focuses on the meanings behind daily social interactions?

    <p>Symbolic Interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a focus of ‘sociology by audience’?

    <p>Understanding subjective truths and individual experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a manifest function?

    <p>An intended and easily recognized function of a social structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a school of thought in terms of a 'sociology by approach'?

    <p>Applied Sociology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociological theory asserts that conflict exists in all societies?

    <p>Conflict Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of structural functionalism as a theoretical approach in sociology?

    <p>Analyzing the roles of different structures in society and how they contribute to its stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the idea of 'victim blaming', as articulated in the provided content?

    <p>Asserting that poor people are deficient in some way rather than the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sociologist analyzing how educational systems unintentionally reinforce social inequalities is using which approach?

    <p>Latent Functionalism and Latent Dysfunctionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT directly listed as a social variable?

    <p>Income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a criticism of Structural Functionalism?

    <p>It is not macro in scope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sociological term for the idea that our actions and reactions are based on past interactions with others and their relation to our beliefs, values and experiences?

    <p>Social Construction of Reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of power in sociology?

    <p>The ability to get your own way, even when opposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to conflict theory, which question best captures how a social structure is viewed?

    <p>Who does this function best serve?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'patriarchy' refer to in feminist sociology?

    <p>A system of male domination and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a stereotype?

    <p>An oversimplified, generalized characterization of a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best example of 'cultural capital'?

    <p>The non-material skills and knowledge that aid social mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of socialization begins when parents choose a name for their child?

    <p>Gendered socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following BEST describes 'hidden curriculum' within schools?

    <p>The informal transmission of norms, values, and beliefs that occur during schooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a 'total institution'?

    <p>Residents are encouraged to maintain their pre-existing identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent of socialization is primarily responsible for teaching students skills such as teamwork and punctuality?

    <p>School</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates the role of 'anticipatory socialization'?

    <p>A person taking classes to prepare for a new career.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of life do peer groups typically become more influential than parents?

    <p>Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations best illustrates a primary agent of socialization?

    <p>A parent teaching their child what is right and wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is Auguste Comte's major contribution to sociology?

    <p>Positivism, the strict application of the scientific method to the study of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does media consumption primarily impact children's socialization?

    <p>By exposing them to other cultures and indirectly advertising certain values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Emile Durkheim, what is a key characteristic of society?

    <p>Society functions logically and protects the interests of its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Talcott Parsons emphasize as crucial for societal stability?

    <p>Shared values and cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Karl Marx's theories are most concerned with:

    <p>The exploitation of workers by factory owners and class conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Dorothy Smith's work primarily focus on?

    <p>The exclusion and alienation of women in male-dominated societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Max Weber's concept of 'rationalization' refers to:

    <p>The motivation of social actions based on benefit or efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Charles Cooley's concept of 'looking-glass self' explains:

    <p>How one's sense of self is shaped by the perceptions of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chief focus of George Herbert Mead's theory?

    <p>The role of symbols, language, and communication in human relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea behind Wright Mills' concept of sociological imagination?

    <p>The ability to connect individual experiences to the broader social context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of bureaucracy, as described by Max Weber?

    <p>Giving everyone specialized tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind 'implicit bias'?

    <p>Beliefs or attitudes towards things we are not fully conscious of.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement would best describe a society studied through the lens of structural functionalism?

    <p>A society that works together to maintain social order and protect the interests of its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would a symbolic interactionist view suicide?

    <p>As an action influenced by social meanings, symbols, and personal experiences within a society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critique of Max Weber's concept of bureaucracy from sociological standpoint?

    <p>The strict structure and control diminish human individuality and foster alienation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a sociologist were to study the way people use different 'masks' or roles in social situations, whose work would they most likely be drawing from?

    <p>George Herbert Mead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary difference between the theories of Durkheim and Marx?

    <p>Durkheim focused on societal unity, and Marx on class conflict and revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Psychology

    • Psychology is the study of the mind, thoughts, and behaviors; why living things behave the way they do.
    • Psychodynamic theory is an approach to therapy that focuses on resolving a patient's conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings, based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
    • Early childhood influences behavior.
    • The unconscious mind is accessed through free association (writing words associated with another word).
    • The unconscious mind processes information we are unaware of, while the conscious mind processes information we are aware of.
    • Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of the Id, ego, and superego.
      • The Id is instinctual thinking (pleasure principle)
      • The ego is rational thinking (reality principle)
      • The superego is the moral centre (finalizes decisions)
    • Karen Horney and Carl Jung contributed to understanding of personality, particularly introversion and extraversion.
    • Carl Jung believed in two parts of the unconscious: personal and collective unconscious. The personal unconscious is unique to each individual, and the collective unconscious is inherited from ancestors.
    • Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors, as feelings are put aside.
    • Behaviours are affected by conditioning and changing behaviors causes reconditioning.
    • Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning associates things through learned responses.
    • B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning is involved with observable behaviors and how rewards/punishments influence behavior via conditioning.

    Cognitive Psychology

    • Cognition is the mental processes in the brain that are associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering, which is how the brain learns.
    • Cognitive psychology is coupled with behavioral psychology to treat mental health disorders.
    • Albert Bandura is part of the cognitive revolution and social-cognitive theory. He researched how people respond differently in similar situations.
    • Jean Piaget developed the Stages of Cognitive Development.
    • Erik Erikson also focused on cognitive ability development throughout adulthood.

    Influential Psychological Experiments

    • Asch's Conformity Study found people conform more when there's more pressure.
    • Kitty Genovese's Murder Case highlighted the Bystander Effect.
    • Little Albert Experiment explored classical conditioning and fear development,
    • Stanford Prison Study focused on situational behavior and conformity to roles.
    • Stanley Milgram Experiment examined obedience to authority.

    Ethical Issues in Psychology

    • Respect for dignity of persons: Avoid harmful experiments, and informed consent.
    • Responsible caring: experiments must not cause more harm than good.
    • Integrity of relationships: avoid exploiting relationships.
    • Responsibility to society: understand customs, social structure, and culture.
    • Unethical Experiments (e.g., Little Albert, Stanford Prison, and Milgram experiments) explored.
      • Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment tested for facial expressions and their universality.
      • The Monster Study demonstrated the potential harm of speech experiments.
      • Learned Helplessness studied how negative experiences can lead to giving up.

    Other Topics

    • David Reimer case
    • Monkey Drug Trials
    • The Aversion Project
    • The Surrogate Mother Experiment
    • Negative Automatic Thought Patterns
    • Methods of Reappraisal

    Introduction to Sociology

    • Social institutions consist of groups of people coming together for a common purpose.
    • Need of society guides social institutions
    • Ex. government, schools, legal systems

    Social Variables

    • Sociology examines patterns of social variables, institutions, and interactions.

    Origins of Sociology

    • Ibn Khaldun, a Tunisian historian, is considered the first sociologist. He studied different types of societies.

    Development of Modern European Sociology

    • Developed in Europe as a formal area of study in the 1800s (Germany, France, and Britain).
    • Society experienced significant changes (increased efficiency, urbanization, etc.).

    Influences on Sociology (e.g., Industrial Revolution, Population Growth)

    Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology

    • Functionalism views society as interconnected parts working together.
    • Conflict Theory focuses on power struggles and inequalities.
    • Symbolic Interactionism examines how individuals interpret social interactions.

    Global Societal Issues Particular to Women

    • Societal topics such as rape, violence, and discrimination impacting women are discussed.

    Social Problems

    • Describes oppressive social practices and policies that exploit one group at the expense of another (e.g., exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness).

    Types of Oppression ("isms")

    • Ableism
    • Ageism
    • Classism
    • Heterosexism
    • Racism
    • Sexism
    • Sizeism

    Marketplace Investigation (Are We Racist?)

    • Research on rental practices in Canada shows bias against minorities.
    • Minority group shopping experiences demonstrate potential biases.
    • Discrimination can happen in seemingly subconscious ways.

    Empires of Dirt

    • The documentary explores how European nations profited from slave trade and exploitation of resources.

    Other Topics

    • Discrimination
    • Systemic Discrimination
    • Oppression
    • Exploitation
    • Marginalization
    • Powerlessness
    • Cultural Imperialism
    • Violence

    Socialization

    • Explains the process of learning norms, values, and attitudes in society. Discusses socialization within families, schools, peer groups, workplaces, media, and religion.

    Significant Sociologists, their Countries of Origin, Significant Ideas, and Contributions to Understanding Society

    Implicit Bias

    • Implicit bias is unconscious preferences.
    • Implicit bias is contrary to conscious beliefs.
    • Can have mental associations.
    • Biased behaviors can be influenced by unconscious motivations.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key historical and social issues surrounding colonialism, racial discrimination, and hiring practices. Participants will assess their knowledge of how shrunken heads were displayed, the significance of totem poles, and the implications of blind recruitment processes. Delve into the intersections of history and modern societal challenges.

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