Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of breast cancer is unlikely to respond to hormonal therapy?
Which type of breast cancer is unlikely to respond to hormonal therapy?
- HER2+
- ER+
- ER-/PR-
- Triple Negative (correct)
What is the characteristic of HER2+ breast cancers?
What is the characteristic of HER2+ breast cancers?
- Respond well to Herceptin (correct)
- Have lower levels of HER2 protein
- Less aggressive than HER2- cancers
- Do not respond to endocrine therapy
Which T category represents a tumor of any size with direct spread to chest wall or skin?
Which T category represents a tumor of any size with direct spread to chest wall or skin?
- T4 (correct)
- T0
- T1
- Tis
What does N1 staging indicate in breast cancer?
What does N1 staging indicate in breast cancer?
Which feature has been added to the new staging classification, making it more complex?
Which feature has been added to the new staging classification, making it more complex?
What percentage of 5-year survival is expected for Stage III breast cancer?
What percentage of 5-year survival is expected for Stage III breast cancer?
What is considered a negative margin in breast conserving surgery?
What is considered a negative margin in breast conserving surgery?
What is HEMOBLAST™ Bellows indicated for in surgical procedures?
What is HEMOBLAST™ Bellows indicated for in surgical procedures?
Which company manufactures the FLOSEAL® Hemostatic Matrix?
Which company manufactures the FLOSEAL® Hemostatic Matrix?
In which type of procedures is HEMOBLAST™ Bellows contraindicated?
In which type of procedures is HEMOBLAST™ Bellows contraindicated?
What is the main function of SURGIFLO® Hemostatic Matrix Kit?
What is the main function of SURGIFLO® Hemostatic Matrix Kit?
Which hemostatic agent is indicated for mild to moderate bleeding when conventional methods fail?
Which hemostatic agent is indicated for mild to moderate bleeding when conventional methods fail?
What distinguishes TISSEEL® Fibrin Sealant from other hemostatic agents?
What distinguishes TISSEEL® Fibrin Sealant from other hemostatic agents?
Which hemostatic agent should be used when conventional methods are ineffective in controlling mild bleeding?
Which hemostatic agent should be used when conventional methods are ineffective in controlling mild bleeding?
Which hemostatic agent is specifically contraindicated for neurosurgical procedures?
Which hemostatic agent is specifically contraindicated for neurosurgical procedures?
What distinguishes EVARREST® Fibrin Sealant Patch from other hemostatic agents?
What distinguishes EVARREST® Fibrin Sealant Patch from other hemostatic agents?
What type of surgeries would benefit most from the use of THROMBIN-JMI®?
What type of surgeries would benefit most from the use of THROMBIN-JMI®?
Study Notes
Breast Cancer and MarginProbe Technology
- MarginProbe is a technology that helps detect cancer cells during breast cancer surgery.
- Breast cancer can be categorized into different stages, including normal ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal cancer (IDC).
Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Breast cancer diagnosis involves imaging tools such as mammograms, ultrasound, and low-dose X-rays.
- Mammograms can be limited in detecting tumors in dense breasts, which is a common issue in 40% of the population.
- Biopsies can be used to diagnose cancer, including fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, and surgical biopsy.
Breast Cancer Staging
- The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) uses the TNM system to stage breast cancer, which takes into account the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis.
- Additional factors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status are also considered.
- The staging system has been updated to include genomic profiles, such as Oncotype and Mammaprint.
Biomarkers and Treatment
- Biomarkers such as ER, PR, and HER2 can affect treatment choices.
- Hormone receptor status (ER/PR) can be used to guide hormone therapy.
- HER2 status can be used to guide targeted therapy.
- Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype that lacks ER, PR, and HER2 expression, and is often more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis.
Tumor Grade and Staging
- Tumor grade is a measure of how quickly a breast tumor is likely to grow and spread.
- A score of 1-3 is used to describe the tumor grade, with 3 being the most aggressive.
- The staging system combines the TNM system with the tumor grade and biomarkers to provide a more accurate prognosis.
Lumpectomy and Breast Conserving Surgery
- Lumpectomy, also known as breast-conserving surgery, is a surgical procedure that removes the tumor and a small amount of surrounding tissue.
- The goal of lumpectomy is to achieve negative margins, which reduces the risk of local recurrence.
- A margin of 2mm or more is considered negative, but clinical judgment should be used for margins between 2mm and 1mm.
Hemostasis
- Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding during surgery.
- Hemostatic agents, such as collagen, thrombin, and chondroitin sulfate, can be used to aid in hemostasis.
- The SPOT GRADE scale is a validated system for measuring bleeding severity during surgery.
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Description
Learn about MarginProbe Technology, pathology processing, and the progression from normal ductal hyperplasia to invasive ductal cancer. Explore the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, including imaging tools like mammogram and ultrasound.
