Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of presenting symptom might be included in a medical history for breast-related issues?
What type of presenting symptom might be included in a medical history for breast-related issues?
- Nausea
- Chest pain
- Headaches
- Mass (correct)
Which of the following is NOT considered a presenting symptom in breast disease history?
Which of the following is NOT considered a presenting symptom in breast disease history?
- Abnormal imaging
- Nipple discharge
- Difficulty breathing (correct)
- Palpable adenopathy
Which historical aspect is critical when assessing breast health?
Which historical aspect is critical when assessing breast health?
- Travel history
- Previous family illnesses
- History of previous breast diseases (correct)
- Allergies to medications
A patient presents with nipple discharge. This symptom is categorized under which aspect of breast disease evaluation?
A patient presents with nipple discharge. This symptom is categorized under which aspect of breast disease evaluation?
Which of the following would be critical to document in a breast disease history?
Which of the following would be critical to document in a breast disease history?
Which mammographic finding is typically indicative of cancer?
Which mammographic finding is typically indicative of cancer?
What do microcalcifications typically indicate in a mammography finding?
What do microcalcifications typically indicate in a mammography finding?
What characteristic is used in ultrasound to differentiate between solid masses and cystic masses?
What characteristic is used in ultrasound to differentiate between solid masses and cystic masses?
Which characteristic is associated with benign soft tissue shadows in mammography?
Which characteristic is associated with benign soft tissue shadows in mammography?
Which feature is associated with the appearance of an ultrasound scan of a cancerous mass?
Which feature is associated with the appearance of an ultrasound scan of a cancerous mass?
In mammography, what does spiculation of a mass lesion typically suggest?
In mammography, what does spiculation of a mass lesion typically suggest?
Which finding on a mammogram is generally considered a non-cancerous indication?
Which finding on a mammogram is generally considered a non-cancerous indication?
What is a sign of potential malignancy detected during an ultrasound evaluation?
What is a sign of potential malignancy detected during an ultrasound evaluation?
What is a significant factor to assess when evaluating a mass lesion in a mammogram?
What is a significant factor to assess when evaluating a mass lesion in a mammogram?
How does the appearance of duct distortion relate to malignancy in mammography findings?
How does the appearance of duct distortion relate to malignancy in mammography findings?
What should be documented if a mass is detected?
What should be documented if a mass is detected?
How does the persistence of true masses behave throughout the menstrual cycle?
How does the persistence of true masses behave throughout the menstrual cycle?
What is the recommended approach when a mass is detected?
What is the recommended approach when a mass is detected?
Which of the following is NOT a necessary action upon detection of a mass?
Which of the following is NOT a necessary action upon detection of a mass?
Which characteristic is true about true masses?
Which characteristic is true about true masses?
What is a significant disadvantage of using MRI for breast cancer evaluations?
What is a significant disadvantage of using MRI for breast cancer evaluations?
What imaging method is considered the best for examining internal mammary nodes following a mastectomy?
What imaging method is considered the best for examining internal mammary nodes following a mastectomy?
Which procedure is typically performed for the cytological evaluation of breast lesions?
Which procedure is typically performed for the cytological evaluation of breast lesions?
What is a likely consequence of the limited availability of MRI in breast cancer diagnosis?
What is a likely consequence of the limited availability of MRI in breast cancer diagnosis?
Which imaging technique is less effective than CT scans for imaging the chest and axilla after mastectomy?
Which imaging technique is less effective than CT scans for imaging the chest and axilla after mastectomy?
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Study Notes
Breast Cancer History
- Presenting symptoms include mass, pain, nipple discharge, palpable adenopathy or abnormal imaging
- Previous breast disease history is important
- If a mass is detected, it should be measured, it's location, mobility, and consistency should be documented
- True masses will persist throughout the menstrual cycle
Diagnosis: Mammography
- Microcalcifications signify malignancy
- Soft tissue shadows can be smooth and regular in benign conditions, or irregular in carcinomas
- Size and location of the mass lesion should be recorded
- Spiculations and duct distortion are important for diagnosis
Mammographic Findings of Cancer
- Stellate mass pattern
- Clustered microcalcifications
Ultrasound
- Ultrasound is used to differentiate solid masses from cystic masses
- Evaluate the margin of the lesion, internal echoes, signal retro-tumor loss, and a dark appearance (acoustic shadowing)
- Assess compressibility and dimension
- Limited availability and cost are disadvantages of MRI
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of Breast
- Best method to image internal mammary nodes
- Evaluates the chest and axilla after mastectomy
Needle Cytology and Biopsy
- Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a common method
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